Biomedical Engineering

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Biomedical Engineering

• What is it?

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Biomedical Engineering - definition

• Field of applications incorporating sciences,
  engineering, techniques and technologies to
  benefit and improve human life.

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ENSC

• Our BME Program

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ENSC

• Concentrations
• Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Devices
• Biomedical Instrumentation and Methods
• - Medical Imaging
• - BioMedical Electronics
• - BioPhotonics

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BME Research at SFU

• Engineering Science

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ENSC

• A. Rawicz

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Human Eye
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Our concept of an eye
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Receptive fields photonic solution
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Brain sensors for environmental controls
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ENSC

• A. Parameshwaran

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DNA indentifying chip
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Experimental configuration
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First generation DNA chip
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ENSC

• S. Payendeh

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Cutting organ inside human body
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Haptic device for minimum invasion surgeries
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ENSC

• Karim Karim

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Diagnostic X-ray Imaging

• Large area imaging capability
• Limited radiation induced damage
• No chemical waste compared to photographic film

• Easy storage, retrieval, and transmission
  facilitates remote diagnosis
• Electrical output and image processing
• Compact compared to intensifier tube

• X-ray photons
• ?
• e-h pairs
• ?
• q

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Passive Pixel Sensor (PPS)
Imaging array
PPS unit cell
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Current Mediated Amplified Pixel
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APS X-ray Detector
TFT array before selenium deposition
TFT array after selenium deposition
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ENSC

• F. Beg

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Quantifying Variation in Cardiac Geometry
FAISAL BEG ASST.PROF. ENSC-SFU
Normal
Normal
Failing
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Quantifying Variation in Cardiac Fiber
Orientation
FAISAL BEG ASST.PROF. ENSC-SFU
Primary Eigenvector
Normal
Ref. Hunter PJ. et al.

• DTMRI vs. Histology
• 64 hr imaging time
• 3.5 million measurements of fiber
• 350 mm3 voxels

Dilated
Fiber Orientation
Vertical
Circumferential
Ref. Holmes A. et al. MRM 44157-161 2000
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Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Heart Mapping
FAISAL BEG ASST.PROF. ENSC-SFU

• Select template and target hearts
• Identifying corresponding landmarks on each heart
• Register target to template by
• Rigid body rotation and translation
• Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping
  (LDDMM) (Faisal Beg, Miller MI. 2003)

Template
Target
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Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping
FAISAL BEG ASST.PROF.
Large Deformation Metric Mapping
ENSC-SFU
I1 Target
v(f(x,t),t)
f(x,1)
f(x,t)y
Io Template
xf(x,0)
Rigidly Transformed Target
Deformed Target
Template
( Io )
( I1 )
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Comparisons of Septal Wall Thickness
FAISAL BEG ASST.PROF.
ENSC-SFU
Target (Failing)
Template (Normal)
Target (Normal)
Normal Failing
Number of Measurements
Change in Wall Thickness Relative to Template
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Comparisons of Septal Fiber Orientation
FAISAL BEG ASST.PROF.
ENSC-SFU
Normal (Template)
Normal (Target)
Vertical
Fiber Orientation
Template Target
Circumferential
Fiber Orientation
(Epi)
(Endo)
Transmural Depth
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ENSC

• Bonnie Gray

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Cell research platform with shape control
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BME Researchers

• Kinesiology

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Kinesiology

• Andy Hoffer

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COMPANY HISTORY
FOUNDERS 1997 - Andy Hoffer, Ph.D.
Professor of Kinesiology and Associate Member of
Engineering Sciences, SFU Vice President and
Chief Scientific Officer, Neurostream - U-ILO,
SFU 2001 Company moved to own premises
in Port Coquitlam
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TECHNOLOGY CORE TECHNOLOGIES
Neurocuff TM - nerve interface
NeurolinkTM - implantable ASIC
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TECHNOLOGY NEUROCUFF TM

• Permanently implanted around peripheral or
  cranial nerves
• - Clinical Uses Stimulate, Record, Modulate

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TECHNOLOGY MULTI-CHAMBERED NEUROCUFF TM
Stimulation Selectivity
Sensory Field Recording
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FIRST PRODUCT NEUROSTEP TM
Automatic Footdrop Correction System
What is footdrop?- a typical consequence of a
stroke or spinal cord injury - cant dorsiflex
the ankle on the affected side- the foot drags
when walking - the shin muscles atrophy from
disuse - ankle flexion function can be restored
with electrical stimulation
Confidential and Proprietary 02.10.03
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PRODUCTS PROTOTYPE AND IMPLANT
Neurostep prototype
Surgical implant
Confidential and Proprietary 02.10.03
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NO STIMULATION
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INTERNAL-TIMED PACING STIMULATION
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TECHNOLOGY POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Confidential and Proprietary 02.10.03
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Kinesiology

• Ted Milner

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What do we do?

• Research
• Motor adaptation and learning
• Mechanical impedance control in humans
• Muscle biomechanics
• Effect of injury (pain) on neuromuscular control
• Design
• Biomedical instruments
• Human-compatible robotic systems
• Ergonomic Assessment

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Mechanical Impedance Control

• Adaptation to unstable mechanical environments
  (DF, TM, RO, EB, MK, HI)
• Mechanical resonance in bicycling (SM, TM)

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Effect of Injury on Control

• Effect of low back pain on motor response latency
  (PR, JC, TM)
• Effect of low back pain on natural frequency
  during balance (JC, PR, TM)
• Model of neuromuscular control of spinal
  stability (JC, PR, TM)

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Biomedical Instruments

• EMG surface electrodes (AR, SA, TM)
• EMG biofeedback circuits (AR, SA, TM)
• Wireless transmission of bioelectrical and
  biomechanical signals (AR, SA, AP, TM)

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Human-Compatible Robots

• Computer controlled joystick (TM)
• Computer controlled stationary bicycle (TM)
• Large scale planar robot (AP, TM)

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Workplace Ergonomic Assessment

• Workstations for diagnostic medical ultrasound
  (TM)
• Risk assessment of musculoskeletal injury in
  commercial leafblower use (TM)

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Kinesiology

• Jim Morrison

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The Evaluation of Human Spinal Response to
Vibration with Mechanical Shocks of 0.5 to 4 g
amplitude

• James MorrisonSchool of Kinesiology, Simon
  Fraser University
•  Dan RobinsonRobinson Ergonomics Inc.

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Mechanical Analogue
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Motion Simulator - MARS
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Experimental Basis Human Response

• Seat and spine acceleration
• Seat and spine position
• Muscle activity
• ECG changes
• Internal pressure
• Blood, urine, fecal samples
• Discomfort

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Incidence of low back pain in vibration exposed
groups compared with a control groups. Data
compiled from several studies.
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(No Transcript)
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Kinesiology/ENSC

• Steve Robinovitch

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Falls and Hip Fractures

• 1 cause of injury and injury-related death for
  the elderly
• 30 of community elderly fall every year
• 10-15 of falls cause injury, 1-2 cause hip
  fracture
• 23,000 hip fractures annually in Canada, 1
  billion in costs
• project 3-fold increase by 2040

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Age Effects on Postural Stability
Peak Torque (Nm)
Rate of Torque (Nm/s / 10)
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Reaction Time (ms)
7
140
6
120
5
100
dynamic recovery angle (deg)
4
80
3
60
2
40
1
20
0
0
Elderly (n6)
Young (n12)
Elderly (n6)
Young (n12)
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Engineering for Injury Prevention
Pelvis release experiments
Impact pendulum surrogate pelvis
10
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Force Attenuation by Energy-Shunting Hip
Protector Springs in Parallel
k1
t
k2
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Compliant Flooring
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Kinesiology

• Glen Tibbits

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(No Transcript)
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Superior Vena Cava
SA Node
Atrium
AV Node
Purkinje
Tricuspid Valve
Mitral Valve
Ventricle
R
T
ECG
P
Q
S
PR
QRS
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BME Researchers

• Physics

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Physics

• Michael Hayden

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Professor M.E. Hayden SFU Physics Department

• IR laser generates
• 1083 nm radiation

(3) enormous enhancement of nuclear
polarization
(2) optical pumping of 3He gas
(4) Polarized gas is inhaled and used as a
contrast agent for magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) of human lungs
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Professor M.E. Hayden SFU Physics Department

• Elimination of cryogenic requirements
• Portable and inexpensive scanners
• Potential for SQUID-detected MRI
• New geometries
• Fundamental constraints (Maxwells
• equations and Johnson noise)
• superconducting quantum
  interference device

Prototype MR system operated in vertical
orientation
Manufacture of a transmitter coil