Comparisons of Satellite Derived Optical Properties

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Comparisons of Satellite Derived Optical
Properties to In Situ Coastal Measurements at LEO
Mike Crowley, L. Alex Kahl, Oscar Schofield,
Robert Arnone, John Kerfoot, Trish Bergmann
Kota Prasad
Inst. Of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers
University New Brunswick, NJ Naval Research Lab
Stennis, MS California Polytechnic State
University San Luis Obispo, CA SeaSpace
Corporation Somewhere close by
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Since this is an international conference..
Where are we?
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Whats this talk about?

• Discuss adaptive sampling of the coastal waters
  at LEO 2001
• Introduce uses of FY-1C and Oceansat for ocean
  color estimates
• Assess the correlations between in situ and
  satellite derived AOPs and IOPs

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Calibration of the LEO Remote Sensing Platforms

• 5 Aircraft - PHILLS, PHILLS-2, AVIRIS, Proteus
  SPECTIR
• 4 Ships RV Endeavor, RV Walford, RV Arabella, RV
  Caleta
• HydroRad
• TSRB
• ac-9
• HydroScat 6
• An Optical Robotic Node 400 profiles

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1000s km2
100s km2
10s km
1 point
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FY-1C

• Chinese Ocean Color
• Launch May, 1999
• HRPT system
• 1.1 km ground resolution
• Swath 300 kilometers
• Orbit time 103 minutes
• FY-1D to be launched in 2002

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FY1-C vs. SeaWiFS
SeaWiFS
FY-1C
Afternoon
Morning

Chlor-a
Chlor-a
Research
Research
Area
Area
A cloud-free FY1-C pass over LEO area.
Typical afternoon cumulus obstruct SeaWiFS view
of LEO.
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Cross-calibrating Products SeaWiFS FY-1C
FY1-C Chlor-a
August 2, 2001
1231 GMT
Chlor-a
3
mg/m
0.2
1
2
40N
3
Field
Station
4

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38N
In Situ measured chlorophyll-a SeaWiFS derived
chlorophyll-a
76W
74W
72W
70W
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But.. Even with geometric and atmospheric
correction, there is a slope difference in
extreme cases.
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Oceansat

• Indian Ocean Color
• X-Band
• 360 meter ground resolution
• Same channels s SeaWiFS
• Kota, we need to talk!

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Cross-calibrating Products SeaWiFS Oceansat
SeaWiFS Chlor-a
Oceansat Chlor-a


August 2, 2001
August 2, 2001
1746 GMT
1710 GMT
Chlor-a
Chlor-a
mg/m3
mg/m3
0.5 1 3 5 7
0.5 1 3 5 7
40N

• f f
• j j
• f f

Oceansat has a ground resolution ? 360 m.
SeaWiFS has a ground resolution ? 1100 m.
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Corrections using CODAR HF - RADAR

• Frontal Boundary
• f
• f
• f
• f
• f

Field Station

• Corrected Image
• r2 improved from
• 0.69 to 0.75
• Slope moved closer to 1
• Intercept moved closer to 0

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SeaWiFS

• Im guessing you already know about this one.

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Satellite Geometry to Validate SeaWiFS Data
Omitted from regression l
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Processing, and not the sensor has limited
SeaWiFS products in CASE 2 waters. 1
SeaWiFS
Channel 5
August 1, 2001
0.1 Pixel Values 45
1Arnone, R.A., P. Martinolich, R.W. Gould, R.
Stumpf, S. Ladner, Coastal Optical Properties
Using SeaWiFS, Ocean Optics XIV Conference
Papers Vol. 1, 1998
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Inherent Optical Properties from Space
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Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) derived from Rrs
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For coastal waters
a(?) 0.051 bb(?) / Rrs Using the Petzold
volume scattering function 2 bb(?) ? 0.02 b(?)
1Arnone, R.A., P. Martinolich, R.W. Gould, R.
Stumpf, S. Ladner, Coastal Optical Properties
Using SeaWiFS, Ocean Optics XIV Conference
Papers Vol. 1, 1998.
2 Gould, R.W., R.A. Arnone and P. Martinolich
Spectral Dependence of the Scattering Coefficient
in CASE 1 and Case 2 Waters,, Applied Optics
Volume 38, Issue 12, 2377-2383, April 1999.
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July 23, 2001 Arnones SeaWiFS derived Rrs r2
Apparent Optical Properties (AOP) Correlations
Wavelength
August 2, 2001 Arnones SeaWiFS derived Rrs r2
In Situ vs. Satellite Remote Sensing
Reflectance Generally 0.60lt r2 lt0.90
Wavelength
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IOP Maps
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IOP Transects
bb 532
a 488
0 5 10 15 20 25
0 5 10 15 20 25
0.02 0.016 0.012 0.008 0.004 0
0.9783 0.7826 0.587 0.3913
0.1957 0
Depth (m)
mg/m3
Depth (m)
mg/m3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Range (km)
Range (km)
RV Walford transects during LEO 2001
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Future Goals

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What are We Working Towards?
We want to calibrate Inherent Optical Properties
(IOP) estimates from space in turbid CASE 2
waters. We want to incorporate satellite IOP
derived Bio-optical models.
EcoSim
0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05
0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01
Depth (m)
Phytoplankton Pigment (mg/m3)
Range (km)
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Conclusions
Human quality assurance of imagery is still
necessary in coastal oceans (thin haze).
Access to wide array of space based data allows
for multiple satellite passes in one day and
subsequent adaptive sampling .
Satellite derived IOPs that we verified using
ship based data show promise, even in CASE 2
turbid waters.
CODAR current adjustments must be used when
making in situ data comparisons.
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Acknowledgements (this was indeed a team effort)
Hernan Arango, Dale Haidvogel Tony Song for
their models, Josh Kohut for CODAR data, Liz
Creed Laurel Henderson for CTD x-sections, Bob
Chant for eddy volume theory, The crews at LSU
and Wisconsin (Rik and Liam) for the Oceansat
data, Sage Lichtenwalner for scouting info., John
Wiggins for his computer genius Alex Kahl for
massive optical data analyses
L. Borwegen, M. DeLuca, K. Eng, L. Lee, F.
Grassle, S. Keller, R. Sherrell, L. Kerkhof,
J.Kerfoot, C. Mudgal, J. Fracassi, P. Nawrot, E.
Oates, M. Oliver, M. Piechota, A. Porter, R.
Sharry, C. Belmonte, N. Psuty, S. Madry, E.
Romona, R. Rossi, M. Siegel, E. Simms, J.
McDonnell, S. Tozzi, R. Petrecca, J Bosch, J.
Vanisko, R. Cermak, M. Bogdon, R. Styles, K.
Hedstrom, S. Durski, J. Woo, J. Gryzmski, R.
Avissar, R. Dunk, Pan Hai, K. Andresen, C.
Orrico, R. Hoden, B. Zlotnik, J. Zlotnik, D.
Whitting, R. VanZant, M. Crowell, R. Petrecca, H.
Statscewich, K. Able, M. Neuman, B. Packer, B.
Tonkin, A. Podlinski, D. Andrews, J. Dobarro, J.
Lesnieski, J. Keith, R. Pendry, P. Zhang, C. Von
Alt, T. Austin, T. Fulton, T. Prestero, M.
Purcell, R. Stokey, J. Boschma, M. Ryder, M.
Moline, E. Heine, D. Peterson, D. Barrick, P.
Lilleboe, Director of Marketing, B. Lipa, P.
Bissett, D. Kohler, J. Britt, J. Eberwine, A.
Cope, A. Vitale, S. Ladner, R. Gould, A.
Wiedeman, R. Rhodes, R. Stavn, P. Marlinovich, L.
Jugan, T. Dicky, J. Case, G. Chang, Crew of the
R/V Endeavor, D. Webb, C. Jones, J. Hughes, M.
Danko, J. Keller, Capt. Dave, Seatow Joe, Seatow
Gregg, M. Schrenk, R. Hoden, A. Kelsey, J.
Seneca, Fred Grassle Tom Curtin, Steve Ackleson,
Joan Cleveland, Mel Brisco, Cynthia Decker, Eric
Hartwig, Terry Paluszkiewicz, Ron Tipper, Manny
Fiadiero, Reggie Beach, George Heburn Lou
Goodman
Find this talk at http//marine.rutgers.edu/cool/c
oolresults/agu2002
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Apparent Optical Properties
Wavelength
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Old Point
l R2 increased gt 0.06
Slope closer to
1Intercept closer to 0 Corrected
Point i