Information Processing and Skilled Behavior

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Information Processing andSkilled Behavior
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Overview of GOMS

• GOMS
• Is a method for describing a task and users
  knowledge of how to perform the task in the terms
  of Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection
  rules.(Goals are defined in Laymans language.
• Applies to situations in which users will be
  expected to perform tasks that have already
  mastered.
• Shown to be valid in single-user, active systems,
  where the system changes in unexpected ways or
  other people participate in accomplishing the
  task.
• Can be used both quantitatively and
  qualitatively.
• Are a mixture of several types task-analysis
  techniques from the human factors and system
  design literature, models of human performance on
  specific tasks, computational models of human
  cognitive architecture, and loosely defined
  concepts about human cognition and information
  processing.

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• Conceptual Frameworks
• Shown are all based on a general assertion that
  human cognition and behavior is usefully analyzed
  in terms of stages.
• The cognitive process that manipulates
  information in often described as search through
  a problem space. A problem space is defined by a
  set of possible states, which include the
  information available to cognition internally or
  in the word.
• Computational Cognitive Architectures
• How to represent human information processing in
  terms explicit enough to run as a computer
  program.

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• Task-Analysis Techniques
• First restriction The task in question must be
  usefully analyzed in terms of the how-to-do-it
  or procedural knowledge required rather than
  other aspects of knowledge about system, like
  mental simulations of an internalized device
  model, or analogical reasoning.
• Second one The GOMS family can represent only
  skilled behavior, which consists of procedural
  knowledge that may originally derive from
  problem-solving activity, or from instruction,
  but with practice has taken the form of a
  routinely invocable sequence of activities that
  accomplishes the goals.
• Third one All GOMS analysis techniques, the
  designer or analyst must start with a list of
  top-level tasks or user goals.

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Detailed Description of GOMS Models

• KLM
• KLM doesnt discussed later predict the mothod
  given the task situation and the knowledge of
  methods and selection rules.
• Include six types of operators K, P, H, D, M, R
• Allows a rapid estimate of execution time with an
  absolute minimum of theoretical and conceptual
  baggage.
• CMN-GOMS
• There is a strict goal hierarchy, operators are
  executed in strict sequential order, and methods
  are represented in an informal pseudo-code-like
  notation that can include submethods and
  conditionals.
• Is in program form, unlike KLM.

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• CPM-GOMS (Cognitive-Perceptual-Motor)
• A version of GOMS based directly on the MHP, and
  thus on the parallel multiprocessor stage model
  of human information processing.
• Several goals can be active at one time in
  CPM-GOMS.
• Allows one to represent the overlapping and
  extremely effcient pattern of activity
  characteristic of expert performance in a task.