Incorporating Sources

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Incorporating Sources

• ENG 1101
• Dr. Ray

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Incorporating Sources

• Why do we do it?
• Using someone elses ideas or words can lend
  support to our points. It can add information to,
  clarify, or give credibility to our own ideas and
  words.

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Being Fair

• When we use others ideas, it is only fair to the
• originator of the ideas and to our readers to
• identify the information as being from someone
• else.

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Give Credit Where Credit is Due

• To give proper credit to your source, you need to
  identify the author and where you found the
  ideas/words in the first place.
• Note that I said ideas AND words. Most of us know
  that quoting without credit is bad, but using
  someone elses ideas without credit is also bad.

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Incorporating Others Words and Ideas

• You can add outside material to your writing with
  direct quotations, paraphrases/translations, and
  summaries.
• If you synthesize your own ideas from the ideas
  of others, then that does not need to be
  documented.
• If in doubt, its safer to document possible
  sources.

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What is a summary?

• Condenses information
• Whole article in a paragraph or a paragraph in a
  sentence
• Written in your own words
• Phrases or words used from the original MUST be
  placed in quotation marks

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What is a paraphrase?

• Written in your own words
• About the same length as the original
• Essentially a restatement of an idea in language
  your audience will understand more readily than
  the original
• Translations are considered paraphrases for
  documenting purposes

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What is a direct quote?

• Using the original words exactly as they appear
  in the original source
• Placed inside quotation marks (unless a long
  quote)
• Use a signal phrase to introduce the author
  and/or source (and relevance)
• Tie it in to the context dont assume your
  reader will get it

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How do I give credit to the original author for
these?

• In-text citation identifies the source
  author/title and the location (page) in the
  original
• Works Cited page identifies the bibliographic
  information of the source

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In-text Citation

• This will identify the author or title of the
  work (if the author isnt known) and the location
  of the borrowed material in the source.
• Can be part of the signal phrase or inserted
  between parentheses at the end of the sentence.

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An example In-text Citation

• As noted by Donald Walker, a pediatrician in
  Wichita, children often fall off their bikes
  when they run into cars (7).
• In this example, the author is Donald Walker and
  the location in the source is page 7.

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Another example

• A noted pediatrician pointed out at the trial
  that children often fall off their bikes when
  they run into cars (Walker 7).
• Since the author wasnt mentioned by name in the
  signal phrase, his last name appears in the
  parenthetical citation.

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Still another example

• In the November issue of the Journal of the
  American Medical Association (JAMA), the
  following cause of childhood bike injuries was
  noted children often fall off their bikes when
  they run into cars (Bikes 24).
• In this case, the author is unknown, and the
  parenthetical citation notes the first
  significant word of the article title and the
  page on which the quotation could be found.

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One more example

• In Bikes, No Longer a Childs Toy, it was noted
  that children often fall off their bikes when
  they run into cars (24).
• This time the title is listed in the signal
  phrase and isnt needed in the parenthetical
  citation.

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Works Cited page documentation

• This is the page where the bibliographic
  information is found that will allow your reader
  to locate your original source.
• It includes full identifying information of the
  source, referenced by the author, if known, and
  the title otherwise.

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Works Cited entries

• The basic format for a Works Cited entry is the
  following
• Author (last name first). Title. Publisher
  information, date.
• There will be differences depending on the type
  of
• source.

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Sample Works Cited entry - Book

• Walker, Donald. Bicycles Should be Banned. New
  York Doubleday, 2003.
• If the source is an article or chapter in another
• book, then use this format
• Walker, Donald. Bicycles Should be Banned. Bike
  Issues in Medicine. Ed. Tony Green. Boston
  Bedford, 2004. 13-26.