NOMENCLATURE

1
NOMENCLATURE

• of inorganic compounds
• Chapter 2.7-2.8 Silberberg
• Chapter 2.10 McM

2
Goals Objectives

• See the following Learning Objectives on page 79.
• Master these Skills
• 2.7-2.8.

3
Classifications of Compounds

• A Binary salt, metal has only one charge
• B Binary salt, metal can have more than one
  charge
• C Binary molecular compound no metal
• D Binary acid starts with H, ends with (aq)
• E Pseudobinary salt or acid

4
Classifications of Compounds

• F Ternary salt, metal has only one charge
• G Ternary salt, metal can have more than one
  charge
• H Ternary mixed salt, has Na or K and H
• I Ternary acid

5
Binary Compounds

• A. Salt of metal cation with only one charge and
  nonmetal anion
• MgCl2
• metal nonmetal--metal in Group 2
• metal stem of nonmetal ide
• magnesium chloride

6
Binary Compounds

• Charges on metals
• Group 1 1
• Group 2 2
• Aluminum 3
• Zinc (Zn) 2
• Silver(Ag) 1
• Cadmium(Cd) 2
• See also Table 2.3 on page 63.

7
Binary Compounds

• lithium sulfide
• barium chloride
• aluminum bromide
• AgCl
• CdO
• Al2O3

8
Binary Compounds

• B. Salt of metal cation with more than one
  possible charge and nonmetal anion
• All metals not covered in A
• Name must include charge on metal

9
Binary Compounds

• IUPAC System
• FeCl3, FeCl2
• metal stem of nonmetalide
• charge on metal in Roman numerals
• iron(III) chloride, iron(II) chloride
• See also Table 2.4 on page 65.

10
Binary Compounds

• NiO
• CrCl3
• SnCl4
• Copper (II) bromide
• Iron (III) oxide
• Cobalt (III) sulfide

11
Binary Compounds

• Older system
• ic suffix designates the higher of two
  possible charges
• ous suffix designates the lower of two possible
  charges

12
Binary Compounds

• Memorize these four ions for the older system
• Fe2 - ferrous Fe3 - ferric
• Cu1 - cuprous Cu2 - cupric
• Sn2 - stannous Sn4 - stannic
• Hg22 - mercurous
• Hg2 - mercuric
• See also Table 2.4 on page 65.

13
Binary Compounds

• ferrous chloride
• ferric sulfide
• cuprous iodide
• cupric bromide
• mercuric chloride
• mercurous chloride
• stannous fluoride

14
Binary Compounds

• C. Molecular compounds two nonmetals
• Less electronegative stem of the more
  electronegative ide
• Use numerical prefixes (Greek)
• 1 mono- 5 penta- 9 nona-
• 2 di- 6 hexa- 10 deca-
• 3 tri- 7 hepta-
• 4 tetra- 8 octa-
• Elements classified as metalloids are also named
  as nonmetal nonmetal compounds.
• See also Table 2.6 on page 67.

15
Binary Compounds

• CO
• CO2
• NO
• NO2
• N2O4
• sulfur trioxide
• tetraphosphorus decoxide

16
Binary Compounds

• D. Acids Hydrogen plus nonmetal
• Gas hydrogen (stem)ide
• Aqueous solution hydro(stem)ic acid
• HCl, HCl(g) hydrogen chloride
• HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid
• See also pages 67-68 for acid nomenclature.

17
Binary Compounds

• HBr(aq)
• H2S(g)
• hydrofluoric acid
• hydrogen selenide

18
Binary Compounds

• E. Polyatomic ions are
• (a group of atoms that behaves as if it were a
  single atom).
• OH-1 hydroxide ion
• CN-1 cyanide ion
• NH41 ammonium ion
• See also Table 2.5 on page 66.

19
Binary Compounds

• NaOH
• Cu(OH)2
• Al(CN)3
• stannic hydroxide
• ammonium sulfide
• ammonium cyanide

20
Binary Compounds

• Polyatomic ion salts
• Name cation, then anion
• Charge of metal is shown if necessary
• Ion is enclosed in parentheses if it occurs
  more than once in formula
• AgCN Silver cyanide
• Fe(OH)3 Iron(III) hydroxide
• (NH4)2S Ammonium sulfide

21
Binary Compounds

• Polyatomic ion acids
• Name as binary acids
• Gas hydrogen name of anion
• Aqueous solution hydro(stem of anion)ic acid
• HCN, HCN(g) Hydrogen cyanide
• HCN(aq) Hydrocyanic acid
• HOH WATER (H2O)

22
Ternary Compounds

• Metal or hydrogen and "oxo-anion"
• "oxo-anions" are radicals
• XOm X is a nonmetal
• Ternary salts involve metals
• MnXOm
• Ternary acids involve hydrogen
• HnXOm

23
Naming ternary acids and oxo-anions

• H2CO3 gt 2 H1 CO32
• carbonic acid carbonate anion
• HNO3 gt H1 NO31
• nitric acid nitrate anion
• HNO2 gt H1 NO21
• nitrous acid nitrite anion

24
Naming ternary acids and oxo-anions

• H3PO4 gt 3 H1 PO43
• phosphoric acid phosphate anion
• H3PO3 gt 3 H1 PO3-3
• phosphorous phosphite anion
• acid

25
Naming ternary acids and oxo-anions

• H2SO4 gt 2 H1 SO42
• sulfuric acid sulfate anion
• H2SO3 gt 2 H1 SO32
• sulfurous acid sulfite anion

26

• HClO4 gt H1 ClO41
• perchloric acid perchlorate anion
• HClO3 gt H1 ClO31
• chloric acid chlorate anion
• HClO2 gt H1 ClO21
• chlorous acid chlorite anion
• HClO gt H1 ClO1
• hypochlorous acid hypochlorite anion

27
Ternary Compounds

• F. Salts of oxo-anions, metal has only
  one charge
• metal name of anion
• Na2SO4 Sodium sulfate
• G. Salts of oxo-anions, metal can have more than
  one charge
• metal name of anion
• charge on metal in Roman numerals
• Cu3(PO4)2 Copper(II) phosphate

28
Exercises

• NaClO
• Pb(SO4)2
• NH4NO3
• Calcium hypochlorite
• Potassium periodate
• Ferrous hydroxide

29
Ternary Compounds

• H. Mixed salts of oxo-anions,
  Na or K and H, anion has
• a charge -2 or -3
  
• metal hydrogen name of anion
• KHSO4 Potassium hydrogen sulfate
• NaHCO3 Sodium hydrogen carbonate
• Use di to indicate two cations with phosphate
• KH2PO4 Potassium dihydrogen
• phosphate
• Na2HPO4 Disodium hydrogen phosphate

30
Ternary Compounds

• I. Ternary Acid, H oxo-anion
• names as given in previous slides
• HIO4 Periodic acid
• H2SO4 Sulfuric acid
• HNO3 Nitric acid
• HClO Hypochlorous acid
• HBrO3 Bromic acid

31
Exercises

• NiI2
• Li2CO3
• NH4NO2
• Fe(OH)3
• HI(aq)
• SO3
• Cr3(PO4)2

32
Exercises

• stannous chloride
• hydrogen selenide
• copper(II) bromite
• cadmium sulfate
• iodous acid
• dinitrogen trioxide
• lithium sulfide

33
Exercises

• HClO2
• NH4CN
• SiO2
• H3PO3
• Fe(BrO2)3
• H2S(aq)
• Co(NO3)3

34
Exercises

• potassium perchlorate
• magnesium hydroxide
• carbonic acid
• mercurous chloride
• dinitrogen pentoxide
• aluminum oxide
• tin(IV) phosphate