Molecular Biology of Genes

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Chapter 10
Molecular Biology of Genes
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Structure of DNA

• Double helix
• Series of nucleotides
• Sugar
• Phosphate
• Nitrogen base
• Purines
• Pyrimidines

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Replication of DNA

1. Origin of replication
2. Replication proceedes in both directions
3. Replication bubble

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Replication of DNA

• 3-5 ends
• DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to 3 end only.
• DNA ligase attaches section.

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Structure of RNA

• Single strand
• Sugar
• Phosphate
• Nitrogen base
• Purines
• Pyrimidines

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Protein Synthesis

• Transcription
• Triplet code
• Codons
• Transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA
• RNA polymerase
• Promoter code
• Terminator code
• Nonsense codes

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Protein Synthesis

• Transcription
• Process
• Initiation
• RNA strand elongates
• Termination

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Protein Synthesis

• Transcription
• Process
• Initiation
• RNA strand elongates
• Termination

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Protein Synthesis

• mRNA processing
• Addition of cap and tail
• Introns
• Extrons
• RNA splicing

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Protein Synthesis

• tRNA
• Interpreter of message carried on mRNA.
• Functions
• Pick up appropriate amino acids
• Recognize the appropriate codons in the mRNA.
• Anticodon
• Shape
• Anticodon
• Amino attachment site.

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Protein Synthesis