Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

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Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching
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Definition of Integrating Educational Technology
The process of determining which electronic tools
and which methods for implementing them are
appropriate for given classroom situations and
problems.
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Combined Approach Based on Instructional Needs
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Rationale for Technology Use
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Motivation

• Gaining learner attention
• Engaging the learner through production work
• Increasing perception of control

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Unique Instructional Capabilities

• Linking learners to information education
  resources
• Help learners visualize problems and solutions
• Tracking learner progress
• Linking learners to learning tools

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Support for New Instructional Approaches

• Cooperative learning
• Shared intelligence
• Problem-solving and higher-level skills

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Increased Teacher Productivity

• Freeing time to work with students
• Providing fast, accurate information
• Production of better looking materials

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Divergent Views
Learning is transmitted knowledge
Learning is constructed knowledge
Constructivists
Objectivists
Teaching should be teacher-directed, systematic,
structured
Students should be able to generate their own
knowledge
Constructivist approaches are too inefficient,
unstructured, unsystematic
Direct instruction is too ridged
teacher-centered
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Constructivist Learning Characteristics

• Focuses on learning through posing problems,
  answer exploration, and product development
  presentation
• Pursues global goals and specifies general
  abilities

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Directed Models

• Provides Skill Remediation
• Provides Mastery Fluency
• Provides Systematic Self-instruction

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Constructivist Models

• Fosters Creativity
• Fosters Inductive Thinking Problem Solving
• Fosters Metacognition

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Constructivist Models

• Increases transfer of knowledge to problem
  solving
• Fosters group cooperation
• Allows for multiple distributed intelligences

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INSTRUCTIONAL SOFTWARE
Programs developed for the sole purpose of
delivering instruction or supporting learning
activities
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• Instructional Software Classifications

• Drill Practice
• Tutorial
• Simulation
• Instructional Games
• Problem-Solving

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DRILL AND PRACTICE

• Three benefits compared to paper exercises

• Immediate feedback
• Motivational
• Saves teacher time

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DRILL AND PRACTICE

• Two classroom applications

• To supplement or replace worksheets
• To assist in preparing for objective tests

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TUTORIALS

• Four criteria for well-designed programs

• Extensive interaction
• Through user control
• Appropriate comprehensive sequencing
• Adequate answer-judging feedback

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TUTORIALS

• Three ways to use tutorials

• Self-paced reviews
• Alternative learning strategies
• When teachers are not available

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SIMULATIONS

• Four types of simulations

• Physical
• Process
• Procedural
• Situational

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SIMULATIONS

• Ways to use simulations

• Lab experiments
• Replacement or supplement to role playing
• Replacement or supplement to field trips
• Introducing a new topic
• Fostering exploration
• Encouraging cooperation group work

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INSTRUCTIONAL GAMES
Game Characteristics

• Game rules
• Elements of competition challenge
• Amusing or entertaining formats

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INSTRUCTIONAL GAMES

• Three ways to use games

• In place of worksheets and exercises
• To foster cooperation and group work
• As a reward

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PROBLEM SOLVING

• Two views on fostering problem solving

• As component skills that can be taught
• Inquiry approach

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PROBLEM SOLVING

• Benefits of using problem solving

• Motivates students to solve problems
• Keeps knowledge from becoming inert

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Productivity Tools
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Word Processing
Relative Advantage

• Saves Time
• Better Appearance
• Document Sharing

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Word Processing in the Classroom

• Teacher Productivity
• Instructional Activities

Writing Process Dynamic Group Products Individual
Exercises Writing Across the Curriculum
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Spreadsheets
Relative Advantage

• Saves Time
• Creating Charts
• What-if Questions
• Motivational

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Spreadsheets in the Classroom

• Teacher Productivity

Grade keeping Checkbooks Budgets Attendance
charts Performance assessment checklists
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Spreadsheets in the Classroom

• Instructional Activities

Demonstrations Student Products Support for
Problem Solving Storing Analyzing
Data Projecting grades
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Databases
Relative Advantage

• Reduces Data Redundancy
• Efficient Locating Updating of Records
• Data Comparisons

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Databases in the Classroom

• Teacher Productivity

Inventorying Instructional Materials Planning
With Student Profiles Personalized
Correspondence Readily available student
information
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Databases in the Classroom

• Instructional Activities

Research Study Skills Organizational
Skills Create Profiles (information
pictures) Posing Testing Hypotheses Research
Information Search
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Materials Generators

• Desktop Publishing
• Test Banks
• Worksheets
• Puzzles
• Bar-Codes
• IEP Generators
• Certificate Form Makers
• Groupware Products

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Data Collection Analysis

• Grade Books
• Statistical Packages
• Data Management

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Graphing Tools

• Print Graphics
• Draw/Paint Image Programs
• Digitizing Video Development Systems
• Charting Graphing
• Clip Art, Video, Sound Collections

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Planning Organization

• Brainstorming
• Lesson Planning Tools
• Schedule/Calendar Makers
• Time Management Tools
• Outlining Tools Writing Aids

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Research Reference

• Electronic Encyclopedias
• Atlases
• Dictionaries (World Atlases)

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Science Education
Technology Support

• Scientific Inquiry
• Scientific Literacy
• Understanding of Science Concepts

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The Research

• Hard to change teaching style
• Technology can help shift toward new reform ideas
• Teachers should
• Consider an appropriate combination
• Consider technology as a tool
• A tool for developing student thinking

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Science

• Standards for K-12 Science do the following
• Emphasize Inquiry
• Scientific Literacy
• On understanding, not surface knowledge

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Technology Supports Scientific Processes

• Collection and analysis of data is a key aspect
  of scientific experiments/ investigations
• The use of a calculator, computer, probes,
  devices, software, etc. are the way to collect
  real data, in real time.

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Technology to support a scientific inquiry
environment

• Technology is a tool that can engage students
  into extended inquiry
• Can help them to navigate and think through the
  information

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Technology to support a Scientific Inquiry
Environment

• Scientific inquiry involves several processes
• Asking and refining questions
• Collecting data and information
• Communicating idea
• Internet is a good way to support scientific
  inquiry

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Technology to Support a Scientific Process

• Probeware Educational software that consists of
  hardware called probes.
• Allows collection, organization, and analysis of
  data
• Allows students to visualize scientific phenomena
  and receive immediate real time data
• Allows students to visualize data in a variety of
  forms.

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Examples

• WebQuest
• http//webquest.sdsu.edu/
• A WebQuest is an inquiry-oriented activity in
  which most or all of the information used by
  learners is drawn from the Web. WebQuests are
  designed to use learners' time well, to focus on
  using information rather than looking for it, and
  to support learners' thinking at the levels of
  analysis, synthesis and evaluation

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Example

• Software

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Other Resources

• http//www2.nature.nps.gov/grd/tour/
• Park Geology Tour
• http//library.advanced.org/17701/
• puzzles of the Earth

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Other Resources

• http//www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/
• National Geogrphics Xpeditions page  
• http//home.att.net/geographyclassroom/home.html

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Lesson Plans

• Water Quality (Gr.6-8/internet/science)http//www
  -ed.fnal.gov/help/saltcreek/index.html
• http//www-ed.fnal.gov/help/Meehan_Nolan/index.htm
  l
• Exploring Meteorite Mysteries (Gr.
  7-12/internet/science)http//spacelink.nasa.gov/I
  nstructional.Materials/Curriculum.Support/Mathemat
  ics/Exploring.Meteorite.Mysteries/.index.html