Drugs In Sport

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Drugs In Sport
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Misuse of Drugs

• A drug (legal or illegal) is any chemical
  substance that affects the way your body works
  usually by enhancing performance.
• Doping is the use of banned drugs in sport

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Reasons for taking Drugs

• To improve performance
• To kill pain so they can keep going
• To build muscles quicker than they can do by
  training
• To calm themselves before an important event

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Why is Doping not allowed?

• Taking drugs to improve performance is cheating
• The health of sports people must be protected
• The image of sport is that it is a healthy
  pastime, this must be kept

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Pressures on sports people to take drugs?

• Professional Sport must win (financial reward/
  success/ fame)
• Prepared to cheat to win risk health
  consequences
• Media pressure to succeed
• Pressure from up coming stars need to retain
  status
• Pressure to maintain performance life at the
  top is short
• Pressure from club (success)
• Social pressure associated with star status may
  result in drug abuse

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Control of drugs

• Detection is via a simple urine test
• Random tests often take place at major sporting
  events
• Problems with effectiveness of drug testing
• They can avoid detection
• Benefit outweigh dangers
• Cost of being caught is minimal

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DOPING CLASSES

• .STIMULANTS e.g. Amphetamines, Caffeine
• Advantages -
• These stimulate the circulatory and nervous
  systems.
• They give us a lift, keep us awake and
  competitive.
• They speed up reflexes and reduce feelings of
  fatigue so you can train and compete harder.

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Disadvantages-

• They increase heart rate and blood pressure, hide
  symptoms of fatigue and reduce feelings of pain
  which could lead to injury( cramps strains
  overheating) or collapse. Heavy use causes high
  blood pressure and liver and brain damage. They
  are addictive and can cause anxiety and
  aggressiveness.

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NARCOTIC ANALGESICS e.g Heroin, morphine , codeine

• These are highly addictive pain killing drugs
  which hide injury or illness, so the injury can
  be made much worse or permanent.
• Rarely used because so dangerous (e.g. Cycling
  Tour De France). They cause low blood
  pressure,apathy and constipation.

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Advantages

• .ANABOLIC STEROIDS e.g. Testosterone
• They result in increased strength weight, muscle
  growth and endurance, when combined with extra
  exercise. They allow you to train longer and
  harder. They promote healing and repair.
• These are hormones, which help to build and
  repair muscle and bone. They occur naturally e.g.
  testosterone or are made artificially.

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They cause heart disease, high blood pressure,
and weakened ligaments and tendons, infertility,
cancer and kidney damage.

• In men -Increased aggression, impotence, kidney
  damage and breast development.
• In women
• Aggression, facial and body hair growth, deep
  voice, irregular periods.

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.DIURETICS

• These increase the amount of water excreted in
  urine, leading to weight loss. Used in sports
  which have weight categories e.g. boxing.
• Disadvantages
• Dehydration, cramps and nausea elimination of
  salts- sodium and potassium- muscle weakness and
  heart damage.

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Betablockers

• block the effect of adrenaline, they slow down
  the heart and breathing and calm nerves
  
• Disadvantages they can reduce blood pressure
  fainting lower performance during lengthy
  events, cause sleeplessness and depression.