Initiatives on Regional Air Pollution in Asia

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Initiatives on Regional Air Pollution in Asia
ASEAN Haze agreement Central Asia Environment
Convention South Asia Male Declaration East
Asia EANET Asia ABC Global GAF
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Male Declaration

• Development
• March 1998 Policy Dialogue
• April 1998 Adoption of the Declaration
• Implementation
• Phase I Awareness and preparation of the
  baseline information
• Phase II Local capacity development for
  monitoring and analysis
• Member states

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Phase I Implementation
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Phase II Implementation
Trained national institutions. Established
monitoring stations.
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Phase III Objectives

• Strengthen the regional cooperation and
  stakeholders participation under the Malé
  Declaration
• Strengthen the capacity building programmes
  initiated during Phase II
• Enhance the capacity of NIAs on emission
  inventory development and Integrated Assessment
  Modeling
• Enhance the analytical and impact assessment
  capability at the national level through
  integration of findings from local pollution
  studies and conducting assessment studies
• Provide decision support information for policy
  formulation and air pollution prevention and
• Raise awareness for action through targeted
  dissemination

IG 6 October 2004, Tehran, Iran agreed on the
Phase III objectives
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Ob1 Regional Cooperation

• Intergovernmental meeting, stakeholders meeting
  cum coordination meeting
• Evaluated the implementation since adoption
• Extended organizational structure
• Establishment of specialized centers
• Air pollution related initiatives in South Asia
  need to be coordinated under the framework of
  Male Declaration
• Focus on reduction of air pollution
• Recommended to increase the financial
  sustainability through local contributions

IG 8 September 2006, Thimbu, Bhutan
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Extended institutional structure
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Ob2 Capacity Building on Monitoring

• National Training programmes
• Specialized training programmes at the national
  level
• eg. Nine technical personnel from DoE, Bangladesh
  were trained on operating AAS in February 2006

• Regional Training Programmes
• Annual refresher trainings at regional level
• eg. The fourth regional training was organised in
  March 2006

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Ob3 Capacity Building on Inventory and Modeling

• Developed emissions inventory manual accompanied
  by a workbook (Excel) for compilation
• Trained personnel from all the participating
  countries on emission inventory and integrated
  assessment model
• An integrated information and assessment system
  (IIAS) and Users Manual

Training workshop July 2006, RRCAP
Inventory manual www.rrcap.unep.org/md/Maléreport
/ Newsgroups MD_IIAS_at_rrcap.unep.org
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Ob4 Capacity Building on Impact Assessment

• Focus areas
• Develop urban integrated assessment capacity
• Strengthen knowledge on human health impact
  assessment
• Strengthen knowledge on crops impact assessment
• Strengthen knowledge on corrosion impact
  assessment, model

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Ob5 Decision Support Information

• (i) Case studies
• Provided technical support for an eco-village
  demonstration project in Sri Lanka
• (ii) Good practices
• Identify the areas for pollution control and
  abatement in each of the participating countries
  
• Collate success stories (for pollution control
  and abetment)
• Dissemination of success stories in the
  participating countries.

Eco village was opened by the President of Sri
Lanka in March 2006
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Ob6 Rise Awareness

• (i) Publication on Male Declaration
• Draft was adopted the IG8
• will be published by the IG9
• (ii) Newsletter and Brochure
• To disseminate Malé Declaration related
  information to the public and stakeholders.
• The content of the newsletter has largely been
  reports on the networks activities
• (iii) Information sharing
• Among the countries and other networks
• (iv) Networking with youths
• South Asia Youth Environment Network (SAYEN) is
  participating in the awareness activities.

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Male Declaration for South Asia
EANET for East Asia
Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC)
Global Atmospheric Forum
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East Asia Network on Acid Deposition (EANET)

• Four experts meetings were held in East Asia
  from 1993 to 1997 to discuss the issue of acid
  deposition.
• The First Intergovernmental Meeting (IG1) was
  held in 1998 and agreed to establish EANET.

Ten countries, which include China, Indonesia,
Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Republic
of Korea, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam started
the preparatory phase activities from 1998-2000
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EANET Regular Phase
Participation 12 countries in East Asian region,
which includes Northeast and Southeast Asia, that
expressed at the Second Intergovernmental Meeting
their intention to participate in the Network
Started intensive monitoring on common standards
with sharing of data and expertise
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EANET Institutional Arrangement
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EANET Monitoring network
Monitoring Dry Deposition
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EANET Future Direction
IG6 in November 2004 Working Group on Future
Development of EANET.
IG8 in November 2006, Medium term plan Extended
the Working Group on Future Development of EANET.

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Male Declaration for South Asia
EANET for East Asia
Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC)
Global Atmospheric Forum
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Aerosol Particulates

• Haze at 5km up to 3km high
• Size of continental US
• Covering Indian Ocean, South Asia, Southeast Asia
  and China

Source V. Ramanathan
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Brown Cloud Chemical Composition
Ramanathan et al, 2001 Lelieveld et al, 2001
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Major Components of Project ABC

• The project ABC comprised of 3 major programmes
• Observation establishment of a network of ground
  based monitoring stations across the Asia and
  Pacific region for data collection and capacity
  building.
• Impact assessment assessment of the potential
  impacts of ABC on agriculture, water, and health
  using the data from the monitoring stations.
• Awareness and mitigation provide science-based
  information for policy makers to mitigate
  atmospheric pollution.

Monitoring
Assessment of impact on crop, health and water
budget
Awareness Mitigation
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Observatories

• Established new observatories
• Upgraded existing observatories

Source V. Ramanathan
Aerosol properties Precipitation chemistry
Gaseous species Solar radiation Meteorological
parameters
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Pioneer Effort - UAVs

• Three UAVs were used in staked formation
  measuring simultaneously the effects of ABC over
  the same cloud system.
• First time in environment monitoring

• Recent Field campaigns with UAVs
• Maldives Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
  Campaign (MAC) in South Asia March 2006
• East Asian Regional Experiment (ABC-EAREX2005) in
  East Asia Feb.-Apr. 2005
• ABC-Post Monsoon Experiment (APMEX-2004) in South
  Asia Oct.-Nov. 2004

Source Prof. Ramanathan
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Impact Assessment

• First Impact Assessment workshop, December 2005,
  Bangkok, Thailand
• Initiated ABC Impact Assessment studies
• Review workshops in December 2006

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Male Declaration for South Asia
EANET for East Asia
Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC)
Global Atmospheric Forum
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Global Atmospheric Forum
Objectives

• Strengthening inter-governmental networks at the
  regional scale
• Greater harmonization of technical system,
  information and assessment process within and
  between the regions and capacity building based
  on them and
• Promoting consensus among stakeholders to
  underpin emergence of regional, hemispheric and
  global action.

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Global Atmospheric Forum
Activities in Asia
Convene annual meetings of initiatives on
regional air pollution

• Closer co-operation and joint action among
  sub-regional networks in Asia

Technology transfer and methodology harmonization
on monitoring, impact assessment, Inventory
compilation

• Standardized guidelines and joint programmes