Global, Human, and Ethical Impacts

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Forging new generations of engineers
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Global, Human, and Ethical Impacts
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Impacts

• Human
• Throughout time, humanity has used natural
  resources, animals, plants and inanimate
  materials, for its survival, consumption, and
  enjoyment.
• It is often taken for granted things and
  resources will always be here.
• Many times short term monetary gain is considered
  a priority.

4
Impacts Continued

• Global
• Population
• - is growing at an exponential rate.
• - shows a continual change in human needs and
  wants.
• Energy non-renewable resources are becoming more
  and more scarce.

5
Ethics

• A set of moral principles or values a theory or
  system of moral values.
• The discipline dealing with what is good and bad
  and with moral duty and obligation.

6
Ethical Design Dilemmas

• Situations in which decisions you make are in
  conflict with what may or may not be morally
  correct.
• Sometimes this is obvious right away, and other
  times it is not.
• Solutions to open-ended design problems have
  dilemmas that designers face when creating the
  product.
• Lets look at some pictures of products or things
  and discuss the ethics involved.

7
Inventions

• What are the ethical consequences suggested in
  these pictures?

8
Steps in resolving ethical design decisions

• Moral Clarity- identify the relevant moral
  values.
• Conceptual clarity- clarify key concepts.
• Just the facts- obtain all relevant information.
• Informed about options- Consider all genuine
  options and alternative solutions.
• Well-reasoned- Make a reasonable decision.

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Design Analogy

• Engineering design as a metaphor or model for
  thinking about moral decision making- in general,
  not just within engineering.
• Like design, moral choice often involves
  alternative permissible solutions to dilemmas.

10
Product Lifecycle

• Definition
• Five Steps

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Raise and Extract

• All consumer products begin their lifecycle with
• a dependence on the natural environment.
• Some form of energy is always required to extract
  the natural resources from the earth or its
  atmosphere.

12
Process

• Raw materials are processed or refined.
• Energy is required for the processing and
  refining.

13
Manufacture

• Manufacture
• Additional energy is required as the processed or
  refined materials move through the manufacturing
  and assembly process.

14
Use

• Use
• Consumer products are transported to stores
  (consuming additional energy) and are ready for
  purchase.
• Products remain at this stage as long as they are
  usable or repairable.

15
Dispose

• Dispose
• When the product is no longer of use to us and we
  get rid of it.

16
EPA Guidelines

• EPA Environmental Protection Agency. This
  organizations mission is to protect human health
  and the environment.

17
EPA Guidelines

• The EPA works to develop and enforce regulations
  that implement environmental laws enacted by
  Congress.

18
EPA Guidelines

• The EPA is responsible for researching and
  setting national standards for a variety of
  environmental programs.
• The EPA delegates to states and tribes the
  responsibility for issuing permits and monitoring
  and enforcing compliance.

19
OSHA Guidelines

• OSHA-Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration
• OSHA's mission is to assure the safety and health
  of America's workers by setting and enforcing
  standards providing training, outreach, and
  education establishing partnerships and
  encouraging continual improvement in workplace
  safety and health.

20
OSHA Guidelines

• To establish and maintain safe workplace
  environments, OSHA enforces standards and reaches
  out to employers and employees through technical
  assistance and consultation programs.

21
Consumer Product Life-Cycle Activity

• Procedure
• In this activity, you will select a consumer
  product and research its lifecycle from the
  beginning to end.
•  
• In groups of two, pick a consumer product that is
  used everyday. The product must be instructor
  approved.
•  
• Investigate the lifecycle of this product as
  discussed in the Global and Human Impacts
  PowerPoint presentation.
•  
• Create a timeline of your product, using
  PowerPoint, which discusses the five steps of
  the product lifecycle.
•  
• Include at least three different cited sources
  using APA style on the final slide in your
  presentation.

22
Questions

• What is meant by product lifecycle?
•  
•  
•  
• 2.  Why is it important for companies who make
  products to research and determine a products
  potential lifecycle?
•  
•  
•  
• 3. What would you change about your product? Why?
•  
•  
•  
• 4.  Do you think your product will evolve or
  become obsolete over time? Why?

23
Global, Human, and Ethical Impacts
24
Impacts

• Human
• Throughout time, humanity has used natural
  resources, animals, plants and inanimate
  materials, for its survival, consumption, and
  enjoyment.
• It is often taken for granted things and
  resources will always be here.
• Many times short term monetary gain is considered
  a priority.

25
Impacts Continued

• Global
• Population
• - is growing at an exponential rate.
• - shows a continual change in human needs and
  wants.
• Energy non-renewable resources are becoming more
  and more scarce.

26
Ethics

• A set of moral principles or values a theory or
  system of moral values.
• The discipline dealing with what is good and bad
  and with moral duty and obligation.

27
Ethical Design Dilemmas

• Situations in which decisions you make are in
  conflict with what may or may not be morally
  correct.
• Sometimes this is obvious right away, and other
  times it is not.
• Solutions to open-ended design problems have
  dilemmas that designers face when creating the
  product.
• Lets look at some pictures of products or things
  and discuss the ethics involved.

28
Inventions

• What are the ethical consequences suggested in
  these pictures?

29
Steps in resolving ethical design decisions

• Moral Clarity- identify the relevant moral
  values.
• Conceptual clarity- clarify key concepts.
• Just the facts- obtain all relevant information.
• Informed about options- Consider all genuine
  options and alternative solutions.
• Well-reasoned- Make a reasonable decision.

30
Design Analogy

• Engineering design as a metaphor or model for
  thinking about moral decision making- in general,
  not just within engineering.
• Like design, moral choice often involves
  alternative permissible solutions to dilemmas.

31
Product Lifecycle

• Definition
• Five Steps

32
Raise and Extract

• All consumer products begin their lifecycle with
• a dependence on the natural environment.
• Some form of energy is always required to extract
  the natural resources from the earth or its
  atmosphere.

33
Process

• Raw materials are processed or refined.
• Energy is required for the processing and
  refining.

34
Manufacture

• Manufacture
• Additional energy is required as the processed or
  refined materials move through the manufacturing
  and assembly process.

35
Use

• Use
• Consumer products are transported to stores
  (consuming additional energy) and are ready for
  purchase.
• Products remain at this stage as long as they are
  usable or repairable.

36
Dispose

• Dispose
• When the product is no longer of use to us and we
  get rid of it.

37
EPA Guidelines

• EPA Environmental Protection Agency. This
  organizations mission is to protect human health
  and the environment.

38
EPA Guidelines

• The EPA works to develop and enforce regulations
  that implement environmental laws enacted by
  Congress.

39
EPA Guidelines

• The EPA is responsible for researching and
  setting national standards for a variety of
  environmental programs.
• The EPA delegates to states and tribes the
  responsibility for issuing permits and monitoring
  and enforcing compliance.

40
OSHA Guidelines

• OSHA-Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration
• OSHA's mission is to assure the safety and health
  of America's workers by setting and enforcing
  standards providing training, outreach, and
  education establishing partnerships and
  encouraging continual improvement in workplace
  safety and health.

41
OSHA Guidelines

• To establish and maintain safe workplace
  environments, OSHA enforces standards and reaches
  out to employers and employees through technical
  assistance and consultation programs.

42
Consumer Product Life-Cycle Activity

• Procedure
• In this activity, you will select a consumer
  product and research its lifecycle from the
  beginning to end.
•  
• In groups of two, pick a consumer product that is
  used everyday. The product must be instructor
  approved.
•  
• Investigate the lifecycle of this product as
  discussed in the Global and Human Impacts
  PowerPoint presentation.
•  
• Create a timeline of your product, using
  PowerPoint, which discusses the five steps of
  the product lifecycle.
•  
• Include at least three different cited sources
  using APA style on the final slide in your
  presentation.

43
Questions

• What is meant by product lifecycle?
•  
•  
•  
• 2.  Why is it important for companies who make
  products to research and determine a products
  potential lifecycle?
•  
•  
•  
• 3. What would you change about your product? Why?
•  
•  
•  
• 4.  Do you think your product will evolve or
  become obsolete over time? Why?