WESTERN CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY ACTION FORUM

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• WESTERN CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY ACTION
  FORUM
• URUMQUI, PRC Jul 12-13, 2006
• POLICY AND LEGISLATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
  PROTECTION IN ITALY
• Ivo ALLEGRINI
• CNR-Institute for Atmospheric Pollution
• Monterotondo S. (Rome), ITALY

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AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALY
PREVENTION
MONITORING
ACTION

• EMISSIONS
• AMBIENT AIR

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AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALYPREVENTIONINDUS
TRIAL PLANTS
Fifth Part Air protection and Emission reduction
directives
DL. 152, April 3rd 2006

• All civil and industrial plants and their
  activities that cause emissions are included in
  the directives.
• Are excluded all plants under D. Lgs. 133/05
  implementation of the Directive 2000/76/CE
  concerning waste incineration
• All plants under Integrated Pollution Prevention
  and Control have just one authorization from IPPC
  that replace the previous one

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AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALYPREVENTION
The Strategic Environmental Evaluation requires
environmental effects to be taken into account in
the development of certain action plan such
policy, programs, planes or national regional and
local program initiatives..
SEA Title II
Environmental Impact Assessment describes and
evaluates all direct and indirect effects of a
project and of its main options, including option
zero, on humans, fauna, flora, ground,
superficial and underground water, air, climate,
landscape and on their interaction, as well as on
material goods and cultural, social and
environmental heritage. Furthermore, it evaluates
the conditions for the project and plant
implementation and their operating phase.
EIA Title III
The integrated approach means that the permits
must take into account the whole environmental
performance of the plant, ensuring a high level
of protection of the environment itself. This
approach advices both the designed authorities to
coordinate their actions on industrial plant
authorization and the plants to control emissions
in the environment taken as a whole and no more
as three different parts (water, air and ground)
IPPC Title III, art. 34
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AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALYPREVENTING
EMISSIONS
Part II Polluting substances limit values Part
III Polluting substances limit values related to
some specific plants and relative
prescriptions Part IV Limit value and
prescriptions for refineries, hydrocarbons
extractions and geothermal plants
Annex I
For Large Combustion Plants are fixed emission
limit values, monitoring methodologies and
emission control and some principles to verify
the limit value conformity (Adoption of the
Directive 2001/80/CE)
Annex II
Concerning the Volatile Organic Compounds
emissions the emission limit values, monitoring
methodologies and emission control, criteria to
verify limit value conformity and solvent
management plan design are fixed
Annex III
Annex VI
Establish criteria to evaluate the conformity of
measures and limit values
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AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALYPREVENTING
EMISSIONS

• Reduction of Industrial Emissions is largely a
  consequence of
• Shifting of economy from primary production
• Relocation of plants
• Improvement of abatement technologies

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AMBIENT AIR Ministerial Decrees
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Directive 96/62

• Sets limits and quality objectives with the aim
  to prevent, reduce or avoid unwanted effects for
  human health and the environment
• Evaluate air quality according to common
  criteria and methods
• Make the information on air quality available to
  the general puiblic
• Maintain air quality, if good enough, or improve
  it

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Directive 96/62DL351/99
The responsibility for the implementation of
Directive 96/62 is with the Regional
Governments
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1 and 2nd Daughter DirectiveDM 2 April 2002 n.
60(I)

• Implementation of Directives 1999/30/CE and
  2000/69/CE for
• SO2
• NO2, NOx
• Particulate matter,
• Lead
• Benzene
• CO
• Concetration limits, alarm limits
• Air Quality Monitoring criteria
• Information to public
• Data reporting and format

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1 and 2nd Daughter DirectiveDM 2 April 2002 n.
60(II)

• The Decree also includes
• Number of fixed stations required for monitoring
• Location Criteria
• Other information on air quality
• Reference measurement methods (ISO standard
  methods)
• Operative procedure for Particulate matter
  equivalence test

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3rd Daughter Directive (Ozone)DL 21 May 2004 n.
183

• Implementation of Directive 2002/3/CE Ozone in
  Air nellaria
• Target Values, Long term objectives, information
  tresholds, alarm treshold
• Monitoring criteria
• Information to public
• Cooperation with other Member States for the
  reduction of Ozone levels

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DM 1st October 2002 n. 261(Preliminary
assessment, Plans and programs)

• Technical specifications for preliminary
  assessment and criteria for palns and programs to
  control emissions
• Preliminary assessment of air quality and design
  of monitoring network
• Data and information to be provided with plans
  and programs

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DM 20/9/2002(QAQC procedures)

• Identify technical bodies responsible for the
  Quality Assurance/ Quality Control of monitoring
  networks
• Instruments certification and approval
• Primary and secondary standards
• Reference laboratories
• Training
• Cooperation with central EU technical bodies

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AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALYHOW TO IMPROVE
OBSERVATIONS

• Preliminary Assessment
• Spatial Distribution of Pollutants
• Design of the Monitoring network
• Complementing AQMS data

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CNR-IIAs PROJECTS IN CHINA
?

• AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM SUZHOU (2002-2006)
• INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM TRAFFIC AIR
  POLLUTION BEIJING (2004)
• LABORATORY AND OLYMPIC VILLAGE MONITORING
  BEIJING (2004-2008)
• AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM-GREENHOUSE GAS
  EMISSION INVENTORY LANZHOU (2004-2007)
• AIR POLLUTION EMISSION MONITORING SHANGHAI
  (2005-2007)
• ?AIR QUALITY MONITORING IMPROVEMENT URUMCHI
  (2006)

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Measurement campaigns
The Analyst sampler...

• Conventional
• Nitrogen Oxides NOx (NO and NO2),
• Sulphur Dioxide SO2,
• Ammonia NH3,
• Ozone O3,
• BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene)
• New
• H2S,
• Formaldheyde
• VOC
• Particulate matter

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Pollution mapping
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Pollution mapping
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PRELIMINARY EMISSION SOURCE ASSESSMENT

• Statistical evaluation of emission source
  contribution upon air pollutant concentrations

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Representativeness e.g.NO2/NOx and traffic
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Network Macrodesign

• Spatial distribution trend
• Identification of zones where primary emissions
  (e.g. traffic NO) are higher? C/Bind site
  selection.

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OPTIMIZATION OF EXISTING AQMS

• ??Integration of existing instruments for Air
  Quality Monitoring with new apparatuses both
  conventional and non conventional
• ?Relocation of existing monitoring stations
• ??Setting up new stations where needed
• ??Monitoring new pollutants
• ??Implementation of the reference monitoring
  station
• ??Optimisation of QA/QC procedures with a
  properly equipped mobile unit
• Technical training of the personnel.

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POLLUTANTS MONITORED IN SUZHOU
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POLLUTANTS MONITORED IN SUZHOU
STATION TYPE A Urban Background B Exposition
oriented (Residential) C Traffic Oriented D
Regional Background
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AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALY
Lesson learned Legislation in Italy is oriented
to plans and program to reduce exposition, thus
detailed information on spatial and temporal
evolution of pollutants are required. When those
information are available, reduction plans very
often achieve the target. Why very often?
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AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALY
The driving force of atmospheric pollution is the
meteorological conditions, especially atmospheric
stability. In Italy, as well as in many locations
in China, atmospheric stability plays an
important role that is negligible in Northern
European Countries. Thus, in locations where
atmospheric stability is dominant, much efforts
must be placed to achieve a sufficiently good Air
quality. This may turn into non sustainable
economic costs
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AMBIENT AIR LEGISLATION IN ITALY
THE CHALLENGE

• How far can we reduce the PM (and NO2) levels?
• How important are the natural sources?
• How significant is the LRTAP in the area?
• Do we know with a sufficient degree of accuracy
  the main features of local pollution ?
• How traffic limitations may affect AQ?

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• Shall we win the challenge in Italy and in China?
  We are not sure, but we are trying very hard
• THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION