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Study Project TRANS-CSP Trans-Mediterranean
Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power
(WP01 Transmission Technologies) Project for
the Research Development Programme of the
German Federal Ministry for the Environment,
Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)
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WP01 Transmission Technologies Scope Assessmen
t, characterisation and comparison of technology
options for the transmission of solar electricity
produced by Concentrating Solar Power Plants or
by other renewables from MENA to Europe Result
High Voltage Direct Current transmission (HVDC)
is the least cost and most efficient solution
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Power transmission via Hydrogen is possible, but
75 of the solar electricity would be lost.
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After closing the Mediterranean Ring in 2010,
about 0.5 of European electricity demand could
be imported through the conventional AC grid. If
upgraded to European standards, 3 . However, 45
of the solar electricity would be lost over
3000 km.
Source OME
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Security and Redundancy of Power Supply by a
Future TRANS-Mediterranean HVDC Grid
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power
transmission looses only 10 over 3000 km
distance. Like interstate highways, HVDC lines
will serve long distance transfer, with only few
outlets to the conventional Alternating Current
(AC) grid which will be used analogue to country
roads and city streets. By 2050, 700 TWh/y
solar electricity could be imported from 20
locations in MENA at a cost of 5 c/kWh providing
about 15 of European electricity demand.
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Options for Solar Electricity Transfer over 3000
km Distance
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Total EU-MENA HVDC Interconnection 2020 2050
Year 2020 2030 2040 2050
Capacity GW 2 x 5 8 x 5 14 x 5 20 x 5
Transfer TWh/y 60 230 470 700
Capacity Factor 0.60 0.67 0.75 0.80
Turnover Billion /y 3.8 12.5 24 35
Land Area CSP km x km HVDC 15 x 15 3100 x 0.1 30 x 30 3600 x 0.4 40 x 40 3600 x 0.7 50 x 50 3600 x 1.0
Investment CSP Billion HVDC 42 5 134 16 245 31 350 45
Elec. Cost CSP /kWh HVDC 0.050 0.014 0.045 0.010 0.040 0.010 0.040 0.010
All countries analysed in TRANS-CSP
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Interconnecting HVDC to the AC System
Monopolar HVDC System, e.g. sea cable
Bipolar HVDC System, e.g. overhead line
Source ABB
HVDC High Voltage Direct Current (electricity
flows steadily from a negative to a positive
pole) AC Alternating Current (the flow
direction is reversed 50 or 60 times per second)
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Cost of HVDC and HVAC Links with 5 GW Capacity
HVDC High Voltage Direct CurrentHVAC High
Voltage Alternating Current
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Space required for 10 GW Power Transmission
(Quelle ABB, erweitert)
AC Alternate Current HVDC High Voltage Direct
Current UHVDC Ultra High Voltage Direct Current
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HVDC is well established, transmitting 75 GW
world wide, mainly remote hydro- and geothermal
power
Source ABB
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Solar Import Electricity in TWh/y
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Solar Import Capacity in GW