User research for interaction design Participatory Design

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User research for interaction design
Participatory Design

• Victor Kaptelinin
• vklinin_at_informatik.umu.se090-786 5927
• March 6, 2006

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Participatory Design
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Ethnography vs. PD

• PD addresses two problems with ethnography
• Capturing tacit knowledge
• Understanding future changes of work practices
  caused by technology

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Main ideas behind the approach

• Human practice and understanding in everyday life
  should be taken as the ontological and
  epistemological point of departure in inquiries
  into design and use of computer artifacts
• Designing for democracy at work
• Designing for skill

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Requirements

• Take the practice of the users as the starting
  point for the design process
• Pay attention to tacit knowledge, shared
  representations, communication, etc.
• Simulate future work situations

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A historical overview -- I

• DEMOS (Democratic Planning and Control in Working
  Life -- on Computers, Industrial planning, and
  Trade Unions) 1975
• repair shop, newspaper, metal factory, department
  store
• practice research
• Marxist philosophy
• reactive approach
• ideas skill, flexibility, opposition to detailed
  control

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A historical overview -- II

• UTOPIA (Training, Technology, and Products from
  the Quality of Work Perspective) 1981
• graphic workers, printing industry
• proactive approach
• knowledge platform, quality workshops, design
  workshops (mock-ups)
• Aftonbladet, TIPS
• CASE (at the National Labor inspection service
  office, Aarhus) 90's

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Methods and techniques -- I

• Designers' learning about work
• Modeling I Visualizing the current workplace
• Meetings
• Immersion
• Games (Current roles and communications)

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Methods and techniques -- II

• Modeling II Visualizing the possible workplace
• Users learn about technology (prototypes,
  mock-ups)
• Future workshops (Critique, Fantasy,
  Implementation)
• Organizational games (Changed roles and
  communications)
• Scenarios

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Methods and techniques-- III

• Prototyping Presentation and evaluation of
  concrete options
• Action plan
• Embodying ideas
• Mock-up design
• Cooperative prototyping

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JAD and PD -- I

• goals (improved system/ improved workplace)
• criteria for validation (quantitative/
  qualitative)
• system development life cycle ((mostly
  requirement specification phase/ SDLC)
• user participation (representative design/
  consensus design)

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JAD and PD -- II

• users
• JAD
• users
• executive sponsor
• facilitator
• scribe
• IS project team
• participant selection (available experts /
  representative, actual users)

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JAD and PD -- III

• technical staff (limited participation/
  involvement of designers)
• facilitator participation (control / cooperation)
• structure (more structured/ less structured)
• development speed

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Problems with PD

• Politics and conflicts
• Implementation