PROGRAM DESIGN BASIC CONCEPTS

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PROGRAM DESIGN BASIC CONCEPTS

• Learning Obj. Be able to
• define theory, conceptual framework, and model
• (2) describe how these components are related
  to program development

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Terms Definitions

• 1. Theory
• Related statements explaining a series of events
• Basic assumptions underlie theory
• Serves to inform the conceptual framework
• No one theory is complete or totally accurate in
  describing human development, and, as a result,
  all break down at some point. (Gallahue Ozmun,
  2001, p. 25)

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Theory Examples

• Theories of Human Development
• Phase-Stage Theory (Erik Erikson, 1963, 1980)
• Developmental Milestone Theory (Jean Piaget,
  1952, 1954, 1969, 1974)
• Developmental Task Theory (Robert Havighurst,
  1953, 1972)
• The theories explain the time-frames, mediating
  factors, characteristics of human development.

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Theory Examples

• (2) Arousal Sports Performance
• Drive Theory (Spence Spence, 1966) predicts
  that performance (P) is a multiplicative function
  of habit (H) and drive (D)
• P H X D
• Inverted-U Theory predicts that as arousal
  increases from drowsiness to alertness there is a
  progressive increase in performance until a state
  of high excitement is reached, upon which
  performance decreases (Landers Arent, 2001)

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Terms Definitions Cont.

• 2. Conceptual Framework
• Systematically describes program by identifying
  and defining its components and how they relate
• Includes
• Underlying theory or theories
• Philosophy
• Purpose/Desired outcomes
• Content

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• Model
• General pattern for creating or shaping program
  designs
• Indicates how theory conceptual framework
  components relate
• Incorporates goals, content, delivery, resources,
  limitations

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Relating Theory, Conceptual Framework, Model

• Theory is made operational through selection or
  development of a conceptual framework. A program
  model incorporates a conceptual framework
  should be consistent w/ theory.
• Program planning is informed by theory,
  conceptual frameworks, models.

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EXAMPLE 1

• A program designed to assess beginning teachers
  could be informed by theories associated with
• Assessment
• Feedback
• Learning
• Socialization
• Professional development

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• The conceptual framework would consider
• Which theory(ies) inform the program
• Standards serve to identify key assessment
  components (inherent philosophical dimension
  implicit assumptions)
• Knowledge, dispositions, performances
  expectations for beginning teachers

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• An Assessment Model would provide a pattern to
  guide what assessments might be conducted, when,
  how

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Example Model of Assessment

• Performance-based Model
• Purpose assess student understanding through
  knowledge applications in flexible ways
• Teacher educator TC roles outlined
• Types of assessments defined
• Resources limitations identified
• E.g., scaffolding assessments, rubrics,
  post-assessment actions, sequencing

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EXAMPLE 2

• A program designed to teach individual clients
  how to develop apply their own fitness programs
  could be informed by theories associated with
• Human change
• Goal setting

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The conceptual framework would consider

• Which theory(ies) inform the program
• Principles of physical training (e.g., FITT)
  progression
• Standards for fitness testing and exercise
  prescription
• The goal-setting process
• Assessments
• Limitations who would the program work for?
  Required resources

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Example Model for Fitness

• An integrated periodization and goal-setting
  model could be applied
• Goals would mediate periodization schedule
• Assessments would be used for revision of goals
• Specific fitness activities would be outlined