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PREN2620 Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring Techniques

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Title: PREN2620 Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring Techniques


1
PREN2620Environmental Impact Assessment and
Monitoring Techniques
Blasting and Environmental Research Group
  • Dr. Mark Pegden

Department of Mining, Quarry Mineral
Engineering, University of Leeds
2
  • Environmental Audits
  • Management Systems
  • For the mineral Industry

3
Environmental Audits
4
Introduction
  • Environmental Audit A check normally by an
    independent consultant, that a mineral operator
    is operating within the agreed environmental
    constraints and applying appropriate monitoring
    and management systems.
  • An environmental audit should focus on clearly
    defined and documented subject matter. The audit
    could focus on one particular area of an
    operation or all areas that have an impact on the
    environment.

5
Introduction
  • A mineral operator is given strict regulations
    for discharge consents to air and water
    environments. If the operator exceeds these
    limitations then prosecution could follow.
  • The Environment Agency (or international
    equivalent) will work with a mineral operator to
    make sure they are within the guidelines. The EA
    was established to protect the environment in the
    UK, they only prosecute if an offender has
    repeatedly breached regulations.
  • Environmental Audits establish how well a mineral
    operator is performing, and so the environment
    agency may intervene to assist the mineral
    operator.

6
IPPC Licence
  • The Integrated Pollution Prevention Control
    (IPPC) Licence issued by the EA is a document
    that sets out the particular standards and
    control methods that a mineral operator should
    use.
  • These process standards are aimed at ensuring
    that emissions or environmental impacts are
    minimised particularly by using the best
    available technique (BAT).
  • IPPC Licences were introduced in this country in
    October 1999 with the aim of replacing the
    Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) Licence. The
    IPPC licence includes energy efficiency, waste
    minimisation, noise production, accident
    prevention and clean up after an installation has
    been closed.

7
Contents of an Environmental Audit
  • Introduction
  • Site Location
  • Project Description
  • What is being audited
  • Environmental Audit
  • Introduction
  • General Information
  • General Information about what is being audited
    and why
  • Personnel Interviewed
  • Personnel that have direct or indirect
    involvement with what is being audited
  • Documentation Reviewed
  • Review of previous audits, EIAs, I.P.C Licence
    and closure plans

8
Contents of an Environmental Audit
  • Environmental Audit Cont
  • The I.P.C Licence
  • Details of I.P.C Licence for the parameters being
    audited.
  • Significant Issues and Audit findings
  • Detail contents of particular processes and
    equipment that can affect the emission limits.
    This is the core chapter of the audit and shows
    areas of problems that are causing exceedance
    Example, Monitoring equipment, Habitat and
    Aquatic life, weather data (seasonal
    fluctuations), and chemicals used in processing.
  • Conclusions and Recommendations
  • Suggest any reasons why the problems identified
    in your audit have occurred. Then give any
    suggestions to how these problems can be solved.

9
Contents of an Environmental Audit
  • Conclusions and Recommendations Cont
  • Give recommendations on what the company should
    do to lower their emission levels to within the
    I.P.C Licence. These recommendations should be in
    the form of bulleted points, rather than strings
    of paragraphs. This is to show that your audit is
    to the point and easy for the reader to
    understand.
  • Appendix
  • Location maps, Aerial photos, plans of equipment
    and processes, photos of findings, emission data,
    emission limitation data, I.P.C Licence,
    brochures of recommended equipment etc..

10
Case Study
  • Lisheen Pb/Zn Mine
  • Ireland

11
Lisheen TMF
  • An audit was carried out on the Tailings
    Management Facility (TMF) to establish if the
    mine water treatment is in compliance with IPC
    Licence.

12
Lisheen TMF
  • The TMF has to monitor a wide range of metals and
    parameters before the mine water is discharged
    into the local Drish and Rossestown Rivers.
  • The frequency of monitoring of certain parameters
    varies on the magnitude of their environmental
    impact.

13
Other Problems
  • Part of the tailings in the dam are exposed to
    the elements. In the IPC Licence the tailings
    have to be covered by at least 1 metre of water
    to prevent Acid Mine Drainage (AMD).
  • The peat bog underneath the TMF vents Methane
    which is causing air bubbles in the liner of the
    dam. This is reducing the storage capacity of the
    TMF.
  • Rope failure on the discharge facility of the
    TMF. Causing the discharge unit to float off and
    tear the liner, causing seepage into the ground
    water.
  • Spillage of mine water over the dam wall due to
    waves during windy conditions.

14
Protruding Tailings and Raised Liner
15
Removing Methane
16
Removing Tailings
17
Rope Failure
18
Discharge Facility
19
Environmental Management Systems
20
Introduction
  • Organisations of all kinds are increasingly
    concerned to achieve and demonstrate sound
    environmental performance by controlling the
    impact of their activities, products or services
    on the environment, taking into account their
    environmental policy and objectives.
  • They do so in the context of increasingly
    stringent legislation, the development of
    economic policies and other measures to foster
    environmental protection and a general growth of
    concern from interested parties about
    environmental matters including sustainable
    development.

21
Introduction
  • Organisations will carry out Environmental Audits
    and Reviews to assess their performance.
  • However, this may not be sufficient to provide an
    organisation with the assurance that its
    performance not only meets, but will continue to
    meet its legal and policy requirements.
  • International Standards are published to aid an
    organisation to construct an Environmental
    Management System (EMS).
  • The most recognised International Standard for
    the process industry is ISO14001. Nearly every
    mining company in the world has some form of EMS
    at either all or one of their operations.

22
(No Transcript)
23
Objectives and Targets
  • The organisation shall establish and maintain
    documented environmental objectives and targets,
    at each relevant function and level within the
    organisation.
  • Top management shall define the organisations
    environmental policy, and ensure
  • It is appropriate to the nature, scale and
    environmental impacts of its activities, products
    or services.
  • Includes a commitment to continual improvement
    and prevention of pollution.
  • Includes commitments to comply with environmental
    legislation and regulations.
  • Provides a framework for setting and reviewing
    environmental objectives and targets.
  • Is available to the public.

24
Cleveland Potash Policy
  • http//www.clevelandpotash.co.uk/policy.htm
  • Cleveland Potash will -
  • Carry out its business and operations in a manner
    that avoids or controls any adverse effect on the
    environment and local community.
  • Operate within standards required by
    environmental law, regulations or codes of
    practice.
  • Effectively use resources by making efficient use
    of energy and raw materials.
  • Operate an environmental management system to
    international standards.
  • Set objectives, targets and action plans to
    ensure continual environmental improvement.

25
Environmental Management Program
  • The organisation shall establish and maintain
    programmes for achieving its objectives and
    targets. It shall include
  • Designation of responsibility for achieving
    objectives and targets at each relevant function
    and level of the organisation
  • Setting out time limits for completion of certain
    tasks
  • Implementation and Operation
  • Structure and Responsibility
  • Roles, responsibility and authorities shall be
    defined, documented and communicated in order to
    facilitate effective environmental management
  • A specific environmental manager shall be
    appointed to define roles and maintain
    documentation.

26
Implementation and Operation
  • Training, awareness and Competence
  • Identify training needs for personnel whose work
    may create a significant impact upon the
    environment.
  • Training the work force is a significant step in
    maintaining a EMS to within a organisation
    environmental policy
  • Communication
  • Good internal communication between departments
    of an organisation to help review, amend and
    document improvements.
  • Emergency Preparedness and response
  • An organisation shall have identified procedures
    for handling accidents, especially if the
    environment is at risk.

27
Checking and Corrective Action
  • Monitoring and Measurement
  • The organisation shall establish and maintain
    documented procedures to monitor and measure on a
    regular basis the key characteristics of its
    operations and activities that can have a
    significant impact on the environment.
  • Environmental Management System Audit
  • This is to determine if the EMS conforms to
    planned arrangements for environmental management
    and any standard like the ISO 14001
  • Management Review
  • The organisations top management shall, at
    intervals that it determines, review the
    environmental management system to ensure its
    continuing suitability, adequacy and
    effectiveness

28
Benefits of having a EMS
  • Assuring customers of commitment to demonstrate
    environmental management.
  • Maintaining good public/community relations.
  • Obtaining insurance at a reasonable cost.
  • Reducing accidents that result in liability.
  • Improve industry-government relations.
  • Conserving input materials and energy.
  • Improving cost control.
  • Fostering development and sharing environmental
    solutions.

29
Next Week
  • Water Monitoring
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