Managing Risk Through Pharmaceutical Product Life Cycles

1

• Managing Risk Through Pharmaceutical Product Life
  Cycles
• Hosted and Sponsored by
• Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research
• for
• HBA Boston Chapter
• February 6, 2008

2
Panelists

• Moderator MaryBeth Borgwing, Senior Vice
  President, Life Sciences Practice National
  Client Development, Willis Group Holdings
• Panelists Mary Anne Francisco, Director of Risk
  Management, Novartis Corporation
• Eileen Smith Ewing, Partner,
  Kirkpatrick Lockhart Preston Gates Ellis
  LLP
• Lydia Villa Komaroff, PhD, Chief Executive
  Officer, Cytonome, Inc.
• Joanna Horobin, MD Chief Executive Officer
  President, Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• Suzanne Meszner-Eltrich, formerly SVP, General
  Counsel, Secretary Cytyc Corporation, (now
  Hologic Inc.)

3
Drug Life Cycle
2
0
7
13
20
Years
30
GLP
GLP
GMP
Post Marketing Surveillance
GCP
Sales
Launch
Cost
Research (Discovery)
Preclinical
Penetrative Marketing
Strategic Withdrawal
Generic Competition
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
4
Life cycle of drug from research to patient

• Developing a new drug is complex, risky and
  costly
• Research 2 4 years
• Development 7 10 years
• Launch 1 year
• 15 years
• Of every 10,000 potentially interesting
  compounds, only 1 will become a medicinal product
• Big Pharma spends at least 20 of revenue on
  research and development and this is rising

5
Research

• Process begins in the lab search and testing
  chemicals
• File and patent as soon as compound has been
  identified
• Screen for potential therapeutic application
• 10,000 compounds 2 4 years

6
Preclinical Development

• In Vitro studies and in vivo animal testing
• Simultaneous Evaluations
• Quality / Evaluations
• Safety
• Absorption / Metabolic / Kinetic Profile
• Formulation

150 compounds 1 2 years
7
Clinical Development for Human Evaluation

• Phase I Tolerance (GLP GCP)
• Phase II Optimal dosage (GLP GCP)
• Phase III Therapeutic effect and efficacy (GCP
  GMP)

30 compounds 6 8 years
8
Launch / Manufacturing Phase IV

• At least 1 year before FDA approval
• Drug manufactured on industrial scale
• Clinical studies continue through drug life time

1 product 1 year
9
Introduction Stage Drug Launch
Speed to market is imperative

• In the introduction stage, the firm seeks to
  build product awareness and develop a market for
  the product. The impact on the marketing mix is
  as follows
• Product branding and quality level is
  established, and intellectual property protection
  such as patents and trademarks are obtained
• Pricing may be low penetration pricing to build
  market share rapidly, or high skim pricing to
  recover development costs
• Distribution is selective until consumers show
  acceptance of the product
• Promotion is aimed at innovators and early
  adopters. Marketing communications seeks to build
  product awareness and to educate potential
  consumers about the product

10
Growth Stage Penetrative Marketing

• In the growth stage, the firm seeks to build
  brand preference and increase market share
• Product quality is maintained and additional
  features and support services may be added
• Pricing is maintained as the firm enjoys
  increasing demand with little competition
• Distribution channels are added as demand
  increases and customers accept the product
• Promotion is aimed at a broader audience

7 year window to maximize returns
11
Maturity Stage Generic Competition

• At maturity, the strong growth in sales
  diminishes. Competition may appear with similar
  products. The primary objective at this point is
  to defend market share while maximizing profit
• Product features may be enhanced to differentiate
  the product from that of competitors
• Pricing may be lower because of the new
  competition
• Distribution becomes more intensive and
  incentives may be offered to encourage preference
  over competing product
• Promotion emphasizes product differentiation

12
Decline Stage Strategic Withdrawal

• As sales decline, the firm has several options
• Maintain the product, possibly rejuvenating it by
  adding new features and finding new uses
• Harvest the product - reduce costs and continue
  to offer it, possibly to a loyal niche segment
• Discontinue the product, liquidating remaining
  inventory or selling it to another firm that is
  willing to continue the product
• The marketing mix decisions in the decline phase
  will depend on the selected strategy. For
  example, the product may be changed if it is
  being rejuvenated, or left unchanged if it is
  being harvested or liquidated. The price may be
  maintained if the product is harvested, or
  reduced drastically if liquidated