High Energy High Intensity Hadron Beams

1
High EnergyHigh IntensityHadron Beams
Network
coordinated by W. Scandale and F. Zimmermann
Input from L. Bottura, J.-P. Koutchouk, E.
Laface, L. Rossi, D. Tommasini, K. Wittenburg,

• http//care-hhh.web.cern.ch/care-hhh/

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CARE-HHH network

• Coordinate and integrate the activities of the
  accelerator and particle physics communities in a
  worldwide context, towards achieving superior
  High-Energy High-Intensity Hadron Beam facilities
  for Europe

• road map for the upgrade of the European
  accelerator infrastructure (LHC and GSI
  accelerator complex)
• coordinate activities and foster future
  collaborations
• dissemination and outreach

WP1 Advancements in Accelerator Magnet
Technologies (AMT) WP2 Novel Methods for
Accelerator Beam Instrumentation (ABI) WP3
Accelerator Physics and synchrotron Design (APD)
Participating institutes CEA, CERN,
CSIC-CIEMAT, CCLRC, DESY, GSI, INFN, PSI, TEU,
WUT Associated institutes CRPP, ENEA, TUBE,
ESRF, UPSA, FZK, TEMF, US-LARP (BNL,FNAL,LBNL,SLAC
), JINR, IHEP, KEK Additional collaborations
Texas AM U., U. Geneva, U. Bologna
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activities since CARE06

• Events
• 3 HHH workshops held HHH-US-LARP coordination
  meetings
• 8 further workshops/symposia planned
• Dissemination and outreach
• presentations at 2 LHC-detector upgrade
  workshops, at 3 CERN INFN management meetings,
  3 departmental/project seminars
• 3 HHH workshop proceedings close to completion
• 3 articles published in CERN Courier
• HHH web sites maintained developed
• Exchanges and education
• several Russian, 2 US, and 1 EU accelerator
  physicist plus 3 representatives of European
  industry supported for HHH workshops
• 1 EU scientist supported for 2-week visit to
  CERN
• 5 doctoral students
• recruited for summer 2007 3 EU summer students

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workshops since CARE06

• 4th CARE-HHH-ABI workshop on Simulation of BPM
  Front-End Electronics and Special Mechanical
  Designs,  Lüneburg, Germany, 30 November - 1
  December 2006, Proceedings CARE-Conf-06-087-HHH
• Joint CARE-HHH-APD, CARE-ELAN, and EUROTeV
  mini-workshop on E-Cloud Clearing (ECL2), CERN,
  Geneva, 1-2 March 2007
• CARE-HHH-APD mini-workshop on Crystal Channeling
  for Large Colliders Machine and Physics
  Applications (CC-2007), CERN, 22-23 March 2007 

5
major presentations

• INFN CSN1 Meeting, Frascati, 28 November 2006
• - H8-RD22 Experiment to test Crystal Collimation
  for the LHC W. Scandale
• LHCb Upgrade Workshop, Edinburgh, 11 January,
  2007
• - LHC Upgrade Plan and Ideas - Scenarios and
  Constraints from the Machine Side, invited talk,
  F. Zimmermann
• Joint AB LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 18 January
  2007
• Baseline Scenario for the LHC Luminosity
  Upgrade, summary of the CARE-HHH LHC-LUMI-06
  workshop W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann
• ATLAS CMS Detector Electronics Upgrade
  Workshop, CERN, March 2007
• Two Scenarios for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade
  W. Scandale
• LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 15 March 2007
• - H8-RD22 Experiment to Test Crystal Collimation
  for the LHC W. Scandale

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deliverables milestones compared with original
plan (CARE06)
Stones (MS) and Intermediate Deliverables (ID).
2004 HHH HHH-APD web site gt OK 2005 creation
of first web-based beam dynamics code repository
gt OK http//oraweb.cern.ch9000/pls/hhh/code_we
bsite.startup 2006 web based database for s.c.
cables and magnets gt OK, 40 complete
http//sdb.web.cern.ch/sdb milestones web
reference for IR optics gt OK http//care-hhh.web
.cern.ch/care-hhh/SuperLHC_IRoptics/IRoptics.html
booster synchrotron optics gt delayed to
2007 structured list of intensity limits gt
nearing completion scaling laws for magnet and
cryogenic cost gt 2007
2 summer students 1 doctoral student
1 summer student
The workshop on Coil Manufacturing Optimization
was postponed to
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WP1 Advancements in Accelerator Magnet
Technologies (AMT)
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Superconductors Database (SDB)
http//sdb.web.cern.ch/sdb

• database structure complete
• web interfaces complete
• since January07 collaboration with FNAL and BNL
  on magnet cable data sharing
• main work left to do creation of automatic tools
  which import data from existing databases, e.g.,
  for LHC, Tevatron and RHIC, to SDB core
• this last task will be completed with the help of
  two summer students in 2007

Courtesy E. Laface
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SDB example
Courtesy E. Laface
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AMT activity OSOM

• design of 2 T pulsed superferric magnet,
  follow-up of ECOMAG
• cable and coil in the iron configured to
  minimize loss
• conceptual design that dissipates less than 10
  W/m in the superconducting coil, and a warm iron
  (i.e. negligible loss power)
• two variants wide iron and compact version with
  correction coil, both suitable for a PS upgrade.
• other options also examined, such as
  transmission-line magnets using large current
  (typically 100 kA), and open gap magnets these
  options were discarded because of practical
  issues (bending radius, magnet size)
• summary report within next few weeks L.
  Bottura
• also ongoing comparison of s.c. and n.c.
  options for fast cycling PS2

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AMT exchanges

• F. Broggi (Milano) visited CERN for 2 weeks in
  April to work on heat deposition in low-b region
• Primary goal change of energy deposition versus
  distance  between triplet and IP. First study
  showed little dependence. Question byh US-LARP.
  Present activity consolidate the conclusions and
  explore other parts of the parameter space
  collaboration with C. Hoa/CERN on precise FLUKA
  description of IR1 and IR5, including exact
  magnetic fields (well advanced) set up a few
  PC's running the latest version of FLUKA (done)
  switch to latest FLUKA source (DPMJET), used at
  CERN confirm the Valencia results with the
  latest descriptions, source and FLUKA version
  prepare a study program of study showing
  parameter regions still to be explored 
  investigate these (aperture, insertion length,
  crossing angle) J.-P. Koutchouk
• E. Laface visited FNAL BNL for 1 week to
  coordinate work on s.c. database

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planned AMT workshops

• CARE-HHH-AMT workshop on Superconducting Magnets
  and Cables, 3.5 days, at CERN reviews of
  cables and magnet design for high field
  superconducting magnets
• 27-28 September CARE-HHH-AMT workshop on Heat
  Generation and Heat Transfer in Superconducting
  Magnets (THERMOMAG07), Paris, 2 days
  minimizing and evacuating heat in the next
  generation of superconducting magnets for high
  intensity particle accelerators, such as the IR
  magnet for the LHC luminosity upgrade and the
  fast cycling magnets for FAIR and for the LHC
  injector chain upgrade identify the state of
  the art on (1) cooling techniques (fluids
  and regimes), (2) heat transfer mechanisms, (3)
  modeling of heat transfer from coils to cooling
  system, (4) heat transfer experiments identify a
  common set of thermal design criteria

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WP2 Novel Methods for Accelerator Beam
Instrumentation (ABI)
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4th ABI workshop

• 27 participants 6 CERN, 7 DESY, 5 GSI, 1 CEA, 2
  RAL, 2 Globes Electronics, 3 Kyocera, 1 FNAL
• topics BPM sensors, BPM electronics, cold BPMs
• proceedings almost ready, will be published as
  CARE-Conf-06-087-HHH

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planned ABI workshop

• End of 2007 HHH-ABI annual workshop on Tools for
  Diagnostic Systems at High-Intensity (Pre-)
  Accelerators Emittance Preservation and
  Measurements in the Accelerator Chain, GSI,
  Germany

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WP3 Accelerator Physics and synchrotron Design
(APD)
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CERN Courier 2, 2007
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LHC upgrade parameters
parameter 25 ns, smaller b 50 ns, long
transverse emittance 3.75 3.75
protons per bunch 1.7 4.9
bunch spacing 25 50
beam current 0.86 1.22
longitudinal profile Gauss Flat
rms bunch length 7.55 14.4
beta at IP15 0.08 0.25
full crossing angle 100 381
Piwinski parameter 0.60 2.5
peak luminosity 15.5 8.9
events per crossing 296 340
initial lumi lifetime 2.1 5.3
effective luminosity (Tturnaround5 h) 3.6 3.5
effective luminosity (Tturnaround5 h) 4.6 6.7
e-c heat SEY1.4(1.3) 1.04 (0.59) 0.36 (0.1)
SR heat load 4.6-20 K 0.25 0.36
image current heat 0.33 0.78
gas-s. 100 h (10 h) tb 0.06 (0.56) 0.09 (0.9)
D0 crab wire comp.
two LHC upgrade scenarios developed
at LUMI06 25 ns and 50 ns spacing
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upgrade bunch structures
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luminosity evolution
25 ns spacing
50 ns spacing
average luminosity
initial luminosity peak may not be useful for
physics
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event pile up
50 ns spacing
25 ns spacing
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25 ns, low b, with leveling 50 ns, long bunches, with leveling
events/crossing 300 300
run time N/A 2.5 h
av. luminosity N/A 2.6x1034s-1cm-2
events/crossing 150 150
run time 2.5 h 14.8 h
av. luminosity 2.6x1034s-1cm-2 2.9x1034s-1cm-2
events/crossing 75 75
run time 9.9 h 26.4 h
av. luminosity 2.6x1034s-1cm-2 1.7x1034s-1cm-2
assuming 5 h turn-around time
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luminosity evolution with leveling
150 events / crossing
25 ns spacing
50 ns spacing
average luminosity
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dynamic b squeeze for 50-ns option
DN150
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dynamic bunch length change for 50-ns option
we might also reduce the charge/bunch and go for
shorter bunches
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IR upgrade optics

• compact low-gradient NbTi, b25 cm
• lt75 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)
• modular low gradient NbTi, b25 cm
• lt90 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)
• low bmax low-gradient NbTi, b25 cm
• lt125 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)
• standard Nb3Sn upgrade, b25 cm
• 200 T/m, 2 versions with different magnet
  parameters
• (Tanaji Sen et al, Emmanuel Laface, Walter
  Scandale)
• crab-waist sextupole insertions? (LNF/FP7)
• early separation with b8 cm, Nb3Sn
• includes D0 either triplet closer to IP or Q0
• being prepared for PAC07 (Jean-Pierre Koutchouk
  et al)

compatible with 50-ns upgrade path
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crab waist scheme
initiated and led by LNF in the frame of
FP7 first beam tests at DAFNE later in 2007
Hamiltonian
minimizes b at s-x/qc
realization add sextupoles at right phase
distance from IP
focal plane
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phased LHC upgrade

• recent CERN management decision early IR upgrade
  (phase-1) based on NbTi magnets, implemented
  2012
• low-gradient large-aperture NbTi optics
  solutions developed by HHH are three good
  candidates
• IR optics selection by Lyn Evans in 2007 input
  from HHH studies
• more ambitious Nb3Sn upgrade and higher
  luminosity planned in a 2nd phase

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ECL2 workshop

• 35 participants 16 CERN (4 AB/ABP, 1 AB/OP, 7
  AB/RF, 2 AT-VAC, 2 TS), 3 German enamel industry
  (Eisenwerke Dueker, Wendel Email), 4 US (BNL,
  Cornell, LBNL SLAC), 1 KEK, others from
  European institutes (Astec, LNF, DESY, ANKA, U.
  Rostock, CELLS, U. Sannio, ESRF)
• topics CERN NEG coating facility,
  motivation,
  technological solutions, simulations,
  beam measurements, impedance,
  - for PS2, SPS upgrade,
  LHC upgrade, CLIC ILC

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ECL2 solutions against electron cloud
slotted vacuum chamber (W. Bruns) New! enamel
electrodes (F. Caspers) New! electrete inserts
(F. Caspers) New! NEG coating (P. Chiggiato)
slotted chamber
enamel-based electrode
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CC-2007

• topics
• critical review of experimental results
• crystal production technologies
• application of bent crystals to LHC collimation
  system
• assessment of new crystals through experiments at
  SPS and Tevatron
• use of crystals for diffractive physics
• co-sponsored by INTAS
• 45 participants INFN Genova, U. Ferrara, INFN
  Legnaro, PNPI Gatchina, IHEP Protvino, FNAL, JINR
  Dubna, INFN Frascati, INFN Roma, U. Manchester,
  U. Texas,

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PRL article on 2006 SPS experiments published
last week!including CARE acknowledgement
SPS crystal collimation test
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2007 crystal experiments

• 7 weeks of SPS runs allocated to collaboration
• Goals
• test multi-strip crystals
• check the effect on ions
• verify their fragmentation and e.-m.
  dissociation inside the crystal,
• test the effectiveness of crystal collimation
  for ILC
• Support
• CARE-HHH , INTAS-CERN, INFN-NTA,
• Russian Foundation for Basic Research, CERN AB
• and AT Departments

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APD exchanges

• R. De Maria (grad student) visited FNAL for 1
  month in February-March to work on heat
  deposition in low-b region for NbTi
  low-gradient IR optics solutions
• Collaboration with N. Mokhov, US-LARP
• W. Scandale visited FNAL for 1 week in February
  to participate in Tevatron crystal experiment
• Two graduate students (U. Dorda, G. Sterbini)
  will participate in RHIC beam-beam compensation
  experiments for two weeks this June, in the frame
  of HHH/US-LARP collaboration

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planned APD workshops

• CARE-HHH-APD CERN-GSI bi-lateral working meeting
  on Collective EffectsCoordination of Theory and
  Experiments, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
• 1-5  October CARE-HHH-APD event BEAM07 , CERN
• - mini-workshop on LHC Injectors Upgrade FAIR
• PS2, SPS enhancements, GSI upgrades
• - mini-workshop on LHC Beam Parameters Upgrade
• beam parameters and upgrade scenarios e.g.
  bunch spacing, operation with large Piwinski
  angle, luminosity performance
• - Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium (Oct.
  3)
• 7-9 November CARE-HHH-APD workshop on LHC IR
  Upgrade (LUMI'07), INFN Frascati, Italy new
  low-beta quadrupoles, detector-integrated dipoles
  and quadrupoles, crab cavities, wire
  compensation, experience with new DAFNE IR

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Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium
3 October 2007 during HHH-APD BEAM07

• Tentative speakers S. Berg, C. Biscari, O.
  Bruning,
• W. Chou, M. Furman, K. Hirata, A. Mostacci,
• L. Palumbo, C. Petit-Jean-Genaz, S. Petracca, E.
  Picasso,
• W. Scandale, J. Thomashausen, F. Zimmermann ,

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Gantt chart for next 18 months AMT and ABI
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Gantt chart for next 18 months APD
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Conclusions

• numerous high-impact workshops
• focused activities in many frontier areas
• - crystal collimation, slim magnets, e-cloud
  suppression, low-angle crab cavities, beam-beam
  compensation, novel optics design schemes, fast
  cycling s.c. magnets, new beam diagnostics
• results benefit global accelerator community
• - code repository, s.c. database, intensity
  limits
• enhanced dissemination training effort
• - mutual visits between partner labs,
  publications, seminars, web pages, summer
  students and graduate students
• HHH is high-return investment for Europe