Animal Cells vs' Plant Cells

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Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells

• Biological Science 100
• By Melissa Di Luigi
• HITE Project

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Similarities Both Cells Have

• Ribosomes
• Nucleus
• Nucleolus
• Cytoplasm
• Cell Membrane
• Mitochondria
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Golgi Apparatus
• Cytoskeleton

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Functions of Organelles
Ribosomes Assemble amino acids into proteins
according to the cells DNA (protein
synthesis). Nucleus Contains the cells DNA and
is responsible for controlling many functions of
the cell including protein synthesis. Nucleolus
Located within the nucleus and responsible for
the production of ribosomal RNA. Cytoplasm The
jelly-like substance where organelles are
suspended in the cell. Cell Membrane A semi
permeable membrane composed of protein and fat.
It surrounds the cell to protect it and regulates
what enters and exits the cell. Mitochondria
Power house of the cell, converts the cells
stored energy into ATP so that it can use the
energy. Rough ER Responsible for protein
processing. Smooth ER Responsible for lipid
synthesis, storage, and detoxification of harmful
substances. Golgi Apparatus Responsible for
processing and sorting proteins to package them
and export them from the cell. Cytoskeleton
Helps the cell maintain its shape and facilitates
movement of the cell and the materials in it.
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Structures of Organelles

• Ribosomes shaped like little grains, small
  organelles.
• Nucleus Spherical body that has a bilayer
  membrane
• with large spores surrounding it.
• Nucleolus Spherical dark organelle within the
  nucleus.
• Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance made up of salt
  water, nutrients, ions, and waste products.
• Cell Membrane Made up of phospholipid molecules
  with
• protein molecules in them. These phospholipids
  form a bilayer.
• Mitochondria Spherical or elliptical organelles
  that are
• surrounded by a special lipid bilayer membrane
  that
• divides the inside of the organelle into
  leaflets.
• Rough ER A system of interconnected membranous,
• infolded sacks that are covered in ribosomes to
  give it a rough appearance.
• Smooth ER A system of interconnected membranous,
  
• infolded sacks with no ribosomes.
• Golgi Apparatus Looks like a stack of pancakes,
  a flattened,
• layered, sack-like organelle.

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Animal Cells

• The only thing that an animal cell has that a
  plant cell does not is
• Lysosomes They are responsible for the digestion
  of imported materials and the cells own used
  materials. The cleaning crew.

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Plant cell Organelles

• Chloroplast
• A disk-like shaped organelle that contains
  chlorophyll , which uses light energy to turn
  water and CO2 into sugar and oxygen in a process
  called photosynthesis. Thylakoid disks are
  membrane structures in the chloroplast that
  contain the chlorophyll and a stack of these
  disks is called a granum. Stroma is another part
  of the chloroplast located within in the inner
  membrane.

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Cell Wall

• The cell wall is located outside of the cell
  membrane. It is a thick, rigid membrane of
  cellulose fiber that gives the cell its support,
  structure, and provides protection. It can also
  bond with other plant cells to form the structure
  of the plant.

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Plastids

• Plastids are a group of organelles that are
  found in plant cells and algae. Some plastids
  gather and store nutrients, others contain
  pigment, which gives plants their color. They are
  also responsible for photosynthesis
  (chloroplast).

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The Vacuole

• Animal cells can have a vacuole, however, the
  central vacuole in plants is much different. The
  vacuole is a very large membrane-bound organelle
  that is mostly composed of water. It has many
  functions like the storage of nutrients,
  retention and degradation of wastes, cell
  metabolism, pH balance, water maintenance and
  sometimes contains pigments.

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Review Similarities Differences

• Ribosomes
• Nucleus
• Nucleolus
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Mitochondria
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Cytoskeleton

• Lysosomes (animals)
• Chloroplast (plants)
• Cell Wall (plants)
• Plastids (plants)
• Central Vacuole (plants)

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Cell Comparison
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Bibliography

• Sullivan, James A. Plant Cells and Animal
  Cells. Cells Alive. Virginia Quill Graphics.
  1994-2005. 1 Feb. 2006. lthttp//www.cellsalive.co
  m gt
• Johnson, Jerry G. Biology I Comparing Animal
  and Plant Cells. The World of Biology. 1 Feb.
  2006 lthttp//www.sirinet.net/jgjohnso/comparingc
  ells.htmlgt
• Col, Jeananda and Mitchell Spector. Animal Cell
  Anatomy.
• Enchanted Learning. 1996-2005. 1 Feb. 2006
  lthttp//www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ani
  mals/cellgt
• Ireland, Patrick. Review So whats in an
  organelle?
• The American Physiological Society. 20 Jan 2000.
  1 Feb. 2006. lt http//www.the-aps.org/education/l
  ot/cell/review.htm gt
• Krogh, David. Chapter 4 The Cell. Biology A
  Guide to the Natural World. New Jersey Pearson
  Education Inc. 2005. 68-92.

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Thank You!

• By Melissa
• Di Luigi
• BioSci 100