Acids

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Acids Lesson 3 Acid and Base Reactions
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Conductivity   The conductivity of an acid is
determined by the number of ions generated in a
solution and is therefore a combination of both
the strength and concentration of the acid.   1.0
M HCl is a better conductor than 0.10 M HCl
  1.0 M HI is a better conductor than 1.0 M
HF.   1.0 M HF has the same conductivity as 0.02
M HCl.  
3
Amphiprotic Chemical Species   Amphiprotic
chemical species can act as acids and donate
protons or bases and accept protons. They are
listed both on the left side of the table as an
acid and the right side as a base. Acid,
Base, or Amphiprotic   PO43-

4
Amphiprotic Chemical Species   Amphiprotic
chemical species can act as acids and donate
protons or bases and accept protons. They are
listed both on the left side of the table as an
acid and the right side as a base. Acid,
Base, or Amphiprotic   PO43- Base can gain
H, cannot lose H HPO42-
5
Amphiprotic Chemical Species   Amphiprotic
chemical species can act as acids and donate
protons or bases and accept protons. They are
listed both on the left side of the table as an
acid and the right side as a base. Acid,
Base, or Amphiprotic   PO43- Base can gain H,
cannot lose H HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain
Hand lose H H2PO4-
6
Amphiprotic Chemical Species   Amphiprotic
chemical species can act as acids and donate
protons or bases and accept protons. They are
listed both on the left side of the table as an
acid and the right side as a base. Acid,
Base, or Amphiprotic   PO43- Base can gain H,
cannot lose H HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain
Hand lose H H2PO4- Amphiprotic can gain
Hand lose H H3PO4
7
Amphiprotic Chemical Species   Amphiprotic
chemical species can act as acids and donate
protons or bases and accept protons. They are
listed both on the left side of the table as an
acid and the right side as a base. Acid,
Base, or Amphiprotic   PO43- Base can gain H,
cannot lose H HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain
Hand lose H H2PO4- Amphiprotic can gain
Hand lose H H3PO4 Acid cannot gain H,
can lose H
8
Amphiprotic Chemical Species   Amphiprotic
chemical species can act as acids and donate
protons or bases and accept protons. They are
listed both on the left side of the table as an
acid and the right side as a base.   Acid,
Base, or Amphiprotic   CO32-

9
Amphiprotic Chemical Species   Amphiprotic
chemical species can act as acids and donate
protons or bases and accept protons. They are
listed both on the left side of the table as an
acid and the right side as a base.   Acid,
Base, or Amphiprotic   CO32- Base HCO3-

10
Amphiprotic Chemical Species   Amphiprotic
chemical species can act as acids and donate
protons or bases and accept protons. They are
listed both on the left side of the table as an
acid and the right side as a base.   Acid,
Base, or Amphiprotic   CO32- Base HCO3-
Amphiprotic H2CO3
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Amphiprotic Chemical Species   Amphiprotic
chemical species can act as acids and donate
protons or bases and accept protons. They are
listed both on the left side of the table as an
acid and the right side as a base.   Acid,
Base, or Amphiprotic   CO32- Base HCO3-
Amphiprotic H2CO3 Acid
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In Chemistry 11   H2SO4 2KOH ?
   
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In Chemistry 11   H2SO4 2KOH ?
K2SO4 2HOH(l)    
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In Chemistry 11   H2SO4 2KOH ?
K2SO4 2HOH(l)     2H SO42-
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In Chemistry 11   H2SO4 2KOH ?
K2SO4 2HOH(l)     2H SO42- 2K
2OH- ?
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In Chemistry 11   H2SO4 2KOH ?
K2SO4 2HOH(l)     2H SO42- 2K
2OH- ? 2K SO42-
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In Chemistry 11   H2SO4 2KOH ?
K2SO4 2HOH(l)     2H SO42- 2K
2OH- ? 2K SO42- 2HOH(l)    
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In Chemistry 11   H2SO4 2KOH ?
K2SO4 2HOH(l)     2H SO42- 2K
2OH- ? 2K SO42-
2HOH(l)     H OH- ? HOH(l) Use an arrow
if you have a strong acid or a strong
base! Strong acids, strong bases, and soluble
salts are ionized!
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In Chemistry 12 H2C2O4 2KOH    
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In Chemistry 12 H2C2O4 2KOH ?    
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In Chemistry 12 H2C2O4 2KOH ?
K2C2O4 2HOH(l)    
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In Chemistry 12 H2C2O4 2KOH ?
K2C2O4 2HOH(l)     H2C2O4 2K
2OH- ? 2K C2O42- 2HOH(l)    
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In Chemistry 12 H2C2O4 2KOH ?
K2C2O4 2HOH(l)     H2C2O4 2K
2OH- ? 2K C2O42-
2HOH(l)     H2C2O4 2OH- ? C2O42-
2HOH(l) The weak acid or base does not
dissociate! Break up strong acids, strong bases,
and soluble salts!
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Conductivity Good Conductors Strong Acids Strong
Bases Soluble Salts HCl NaOH KCl Weak
Conductors Weak Acids Weak Bases Low Solubility
Salts HF Zn(OH)2 AgCl Nonconductors Molecul
ar covalent C12H22O11
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In Chemistry 12     HC2O4-
HCO3-
?
C2O42- H2CO3
Base Acid
Acid Base
Weak acids and weak bases react but do not go to
completion (?)
The higher one on the acid side of the chart will
be the acid and donate a proton.
Label all acids and bases- note H2C2O4 donates in
the reverse reaction
The acid on the left HC2O4- is stronger than
H2CO3 so the opposite side or the products are
favoured.
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Opposite side Favoured
Stronger acid
There are more products at equilibrium
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Complete the reaction   HSO4- HSO3-

SO42- H2SO3
?
Acid Base
Base Acid
Reactants are Favoured because H2SO3 is a
stronger acid than HSO4-
The stronger acid H2SO3 more successfully donates
its proton making more reactants.