GLOBALABILITY

1
Field Evaluation Tips and TricksEvaluating
Foreign Made Equipment
Presented to Stanford Linear Accelerator
Center Nov 9, 2005 EEIP Meeting
2
Who Is UL?
3
What is a Field Evaluation ?

• The complete evaluation of a product that is not
  Listed or has been modified
• FEP Mark applied

4
Purpose of a Field Evaluation

• Protection from electric shock
• Protection from fire
• Protection from mechanical hazards
• Protection from thermal hazards

5
Electric Shock How much is too much?
Shock Hazard Levels
6
Steps in Performing an FE

• Determine scope of evaluation
• Determine function and process of machine
• Construction review
• Acceptability of components
• Assembly of components Go through standard(s)
• Common construction problems
• Testing
• Documentation

7
Beginning Steps in Performing an FE

• Determine scope of evaluation
• Determine function and process of machine
• Construction review
• Acceptability of components
• Assembly of components Go through standard(s)
• Common construction problems
• Testing
• Documentation

8
Scope of Evaluation

• Control Panel

 
9
Scope of Evaluation

• Or Entire Machine?

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Beginning Steps in Performing an FE

• Determine scope of evaluation
• Determine function and process of machine
• Construction review
• Acceptability of components
• Assembly of components Go through standard(s)
• Common construction problems
• Testing
• Documentation

11
Determine Function of Machine

• Whats the purpose of the machine?

 
12
Beginning Steps in Performing an FE

• Determine scope of evaluation
• Determine function and process of machine
• Construction review
• Acceptability of components
• Assembly of components Go through standard(s)
• Common construction problems
• Testing
• Documentation

13
Components US Certification

• A product is only as good as the sum of its
  components.

 
14
Components Canada Certification

• Canadian Certification Marks

 
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Components

• Recognized Components
• Have conditions of acceptability

 
16
Components

• Listed products Have few restrictions

 
17
Components

• Classified Only certain hazards have been
  evaluated most commonly Electric Shock and Fire
  hazards.

 
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International Compliance Marks
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International Compliance Marks

• APEC
• Australia
• New Zealand
• Japan
• Korea
• China
• Singapore

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International Compliance Marks

• Europe
• Denmark
• Germany
• Finland
• Sweden
• Netherlands

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International Compliance Marks

• Latin America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Mexico

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International Compliance Marks

• Eastern Europe
• Poland
• Czech
• Russia
• Hungary

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ExamplePower Supply
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World Compliance
PS E
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EU / EEAEuropean Union / European Economic Area
CE Marking

• 230/400 V _at_ 50 Hz

26
CE Marking

• The letters "CE" are an initialism of French
  phrase "Conformité Européene" ("European
  Conformity").

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Membership

• 25 Current European Union (EU) Member States
• Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
  Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
  Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the
  United Kingdom
• Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
  Malta, Poland, Lithuania, Slovak Republic,
  Slovenia
• Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway have also
  implemented a variety of EU legislation and
  together with the EU make up the European
  Economic Area (EEA)
• Future Membership
• Member states entering the EU in 2007
• Bulgaria and Romania

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Free movement of goods

• Member States must allow the free movement of
  goods that comply with the provisions of
  applicable Directives.

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New Approach Directives

• Active Implantable Medical Devices
• Construction Products
• Electromagnetic Compatibility
• Gas Appliances
• In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Equipment
• Lifts
• Low Voltage
• Machinery
• Medical Devices
• New Hot Water Boilers

• Non Automatic Weighing Instruments
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Potentially Explosive Atmospheres
• Pressure Equipment
• Recreational Craft
• Simple Pressure Vessels
• Radio and Telecommunication Terminal Equipment
• Toys
• Noise

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Solving the Puzzle of CE Marking

• What Directive(s) are they self-declaring to?
• What Standard(s) were used to comply?

You must investigate their Declaration of
Conformity.
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CE Marking The Declaration of Conformity
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Beginning Steps in Performing an FE

• Determine scope of evaluation
• Determine function and process of machine
• Construction review
• Acceptability of components
• Assembly of components Go through standard(s)
• Common construction problems
• Testing
• Documentation

33
Assembly of Components


 
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Assembly of Components

• Sizing of components
• Wire size
• Workmanship

 
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Common Problems

• Component issues (only CE Marking)
• Wrong type / missing BCP
• Unevaluated (unmarked) wire
• Multiple wires in connectors (or breakers)
• Inadequate grounding and bonding
• Other

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Common Problems

• Component issues (only CE Marking)
• Wrong type / missing BCP
• Unevaluated (unmarked) wire
• Multiple wires in connectors (or breakers)
• Inadequate grounding and bonding
• Other

37
Common Problems

• Improper Branch Circuit Protection
• Supplementary Protectors I/O Circuit Breakers

38
Common Problems
Note the RU Mark instead of
39
Common Problems
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Supplementary Protectors

• 240-10. Supplementary Overcurrent Protection.
  Where supplementary overcurrent protection is
  used . . . , it shall not be used as a substitute
  for branch-circuit overcurrent devices or in
  place of the branch-circuit protection specified
  in Article 210. . . .

41
Supplementary Protectors

• Differences between BCP and Supplementary
  Protectors
• Short Circuit Test
• Time/Current Curve
• No Follow-Up

42
Common Problems

• Improper Branch Circuit Protection
• Foreign Fuses

43
Common Problems

• Correct Branch Circuit Protection

Listed Class CC, T, J, L, R, etc.
44
Common Problems

• Component issues (only CE marking)
• Wrong type / missing BCP
• Unevaluated (unmarked) wire
• Multiple wires in connectors (or breakers)
• Inadequate grounding and bonding
• Other

45
Common Problems

• Component issues (only CE marking)
• Wrong type / missing BCP
• Unevaluated (unmarked) wire
• Multiple wires in connectors (or breakers)
• Inadequate grounding and bonding
• Other

46
Common Problems

• Too many wires in a connector

47
Common Problems

• Too many wires in a connector

48
Common Problems

• Too many wires in a connector

49
Common Problems
One wire per lug
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Common Problems

• Component issues (only CE marking)
• Wrong type / missing BCP
• Unevaluated (unmarked) wire
• Multiple wires in connectors (or breakers)
• Inadequate grounding and bonding
• Other

51
Common Problems

• Poor or inadequate grounding

• 120 V ac

52
Common Problems

• Poor or improper grounding

No bonding wire
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Common Problems

• Poor or improper grounding

54
Common Problems

• Component issues (only CE marking)
• Wrong type / missing BCP
• Unevaluated (unmarked) wire
• Multiple wires in connectors (or breakers)
• Inadequate grounding and bonding
• Other

55
Common Problems

• Poor construction

56
Common Problems

• Poor maintenance

57
Common Problems

• Multiple sources

480 V ac
240 V ac
120 V ac
58
Common Problems

• EMO, is it real?

59
Common Problems

• Or just for show?

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Common Problems
Interlock
61
Common Problems
No Interlock
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Common Problems
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Thank you and questions?