Dialogue Macrogame Theory

1
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
Approaches to dialogue
Part IV
Peter Kühnlein
2
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 1
Dialogue Macrogame Theory is designed to enable
analysis of particular natural language dialogues.
3
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 1
Dialogue Macrogame Theory is designed to enable
analysis of particular natural language
dialogues. Some dialogues can be analyzed with
DMT some cannot.
4
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 1
Dialogue Macrogame Theory is designed to enable
analysis of particular natural language
dialogues. Some dialogues can be analyzed with
DMT . Where it fits, DMT gives a partial
technical characterization of the classes of
dialogues represented in the analysis.
5
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 1-2
Dialogue Macrogame Theory is designed to enable
analysis of particular natural language
dialogues. This paper introduces a new term,
Dialogue Macrogame, which represents some
structures that resemble the dialogue games of
the predecessor model.
6
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 1,3
Dialogue Macrogame Theory is designed to enable
analysis of particular natural language
dialogues. A major goal of DMT is to
provide a descriptive account for the coherence
of a wide diversity of natural dialogues.
7
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 1,3
Dialogue Macrogame Theory is designed to enable
analysis of particular natural language
dialogues. A major goal of DMT is to
provide a descriptive account for the coherence
of a wide diversity of natural dialogues. The
assumptions of DMT include saying that not all
dialogues are alike, and that the differences
between dialogue situations affect the dynamics
of the dialogues which occur in them.
8
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 1,3
Dialogue Macrogame Theory is designed to enable
analysis of particular natural language
dialogues. A major goal of DMT is to
provide a descriptive account for the coherence
of a wide diversity of natural dialogues. The
assumptions of DMT include saying that not all
dialogues are alike, and that the differences
between dialogue situations affect the dynamics
of the dialogues which occur in them. We
therefore seek to find a set of theories that
can jointly account for the coherence of
dialogues that arise in different kinds of
situations.
9
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 1,3
Dialogue Macrogame Theory is designed to enable
analysis of particular natural language
dialogues. A major goal of DMT is to
provide a descriptive account for the coherence
of a wide diversity of natural dialogues. The
assumptions of DMT include saying that not all
dialogues are alike, and that the differences
between dialogue situations affect the dynamics
of the dialogues which occur in them. We
therefore seek to find a set of theories that
can jointly account for the coherence of
dialogues that arise in different kinds of
situations. DMT is designed to be one such
theory.
10
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 1,3
Dialogue Macrogame Theory is designed to enable
analysis of particular natural language
dialogues. A major goal of DMT is to
provide a descriptive account for the coherence
of a wide diversity of natural dialogues. The
assumptions of DMT include saying that not all
dialogues are alike, and that the differences
between dialogue situations affect the dynamics
of the dialogues which occur in them. We
therefore seek to find a set of theories that
can jointly account for the coherence of
dialogues that arise in different kinds of
situations. DMT is designed to be one such
theory.
11
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 3
A major goal of DMT is to provide a descriptive
account for the coherence of a wide diversity of
natural dialogues.
12
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 3
A major goal of DMT is to provide a descriptive
account for the coherence of a wide diversity of
natural dialogues. A dialogue is said to be
coherent if a person who has good access to the
dialogue is left with the impression that every
part of the dialogue contributed to the
remainder, or equivalently that there are no
parts whose presence is not easily explained.
13
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 3
A major goal of DMT is to provide a descriptive
account for the coherence of a wide diversity of
natural dialogues. A dialogue is said to be
coherent if a person who has good access to the
dialogue is left with the impression that every
part of the dialogue contributed to the
remainder, or equivalently that there are no
parts whose presence is not easily explained.
Mann points out that it is researchers
impressions that count as evidence for the
coherence of dialogues, not those of participants.
14
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 3-4
A major goal of DMT is to provide a descriptive
account for the coherence of a wide diversity of
natural dialogues. A dialogue is said to be
coherent if a person who has good access to the
dialogue is left with the impression that every
part of the dialogue contributed to the
remainder, or equivalently that there are no
parts whose presence is not easily explained.
Dialogue coherence arises from the intentions
(also called goals) of the dialogue participants.
15
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 3-4
A major goal of DMT is to provide a descriptive
account for the coherence of a wide diversity of
natural dialogues. A dialogue is said to be
coherent if a person who has good access to the
dialogue is left with the impression that every
part of the dialogue contributed to the
remainder, or equivalently that there are no
parts whose presence is not easily explained.
Dialogue coherence arises from the intentions
(also called goals) of the dialogue participants.
It arises especially from the way that the
conventions of dialogue cause the participants to
adopt and dismiss groups of intentions.
16
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 3-4
A major goal of DMT is to provide a descriptive
account for the coherence of a wide diversity of
natural dialogues. A dialogue is said to be
coherent if a person who has good access to the
dialogue is left with the impression that every
part of the dialogue contributed to the
remainder, or equivalently that there are no
parts whose presence is not easily explained.
Dialogue coherence arises from the intentions
(also called goals) of the dialogue participants.
It arises especially from the way that the
conventions of dialogue cause the participants to
adopt and dismiss groups of intentions. Grouping
of intentions is the foundation for coordination
of the activities of dialogue participants.
17
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 3-4
A major goal of DMT is to provide a descriptive
account for the coherence of a wide diversity of
natural dialogues. A dialogue is said to be
coherent if a person who has good access to the
dialogue is left with the impression that every
part of the dialogue contributed to the
remainder, or equivalently that there are no
parts whose presence is not easily explained.
Dialogue coherence arises from the intentions
(also called goals) of the dialogue participants.
It arises especially from the way that the
conventions of dialogue cause the participants to
adopt and dismiss groups of intentions. Grouping
of intentions is the foundation for coordination
of the activities of dialogue participants.
How is this expressed by DMT?
18
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
The major construct of Dialogue Macrogame Theory
is, of course, the dialogue macrogame.
19
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
The major construct of Dialogue Macrogame Theory
is, of course, the dialogue macrogame. A
(dialogue macro)game is defined as a set of
three goals
20
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
The major construct of Dialogue Macrogame Theory
is, of course, the dialogue macrogame. A
(dialogue macro)game is defined as a set of
three goals
21
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
The major construct of Dialogue Macrogame Theory
is, of course, the dialogue macrogame. A
(dialogue macro)game is defined as a set of
three goals
This is very similar to what is known from
Dialogue Games Theory
22
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
The major construct of Dialogue Macrogame Theory
is, of course, the dialogue macrogame. A
(dialogue macro)game is defined as a set of
three goals
When a game is used, the goal of the initiator
and the joint goal will be in the memory of the
initiator as commitments. (DMT does not constrain
the relationship of these two.)
23
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
The major construct of Dialogue Macrogame Theory
is, of course, the dialogue macrogame. A
(dialogue macro)game is defined as a set of
three goals
When a game is used, the goal of the initiator
and the joint goal will be in the memory of the
initiator as commitments. Similarly, the goal
of the responder and the joint goal will be in
the memory of the responder as commitments.
24
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
The major construct of Dialogue Macrogame Theory
is, of course, the dialogue macrogame. A
(dialogue macro)game is defined as a set of
three goals
In each memory, the two goals are committed and
uncommitted simultaneously, and at the same time
each persons knowledge of the others
commitments is adjusted.
25
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
One of the games is the Information Offering game.
26
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
One of the games is the Information Offering
game. Like all other games, a single occurrence
of this game can account for an indefinitely long
interval of interaction.
27
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
One of the games is the Information Offering
game. Like all other games, a single occurrence
of this game can account for an indefinitely long
interval of interaction. Currently in DMT there
are about 19 defined games.
28
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
29
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
30
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
31
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
32
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
33
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
34
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
35
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
36
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
The difference reduces to IP testing knowledge
while SC tests inference capabilities
37
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
38
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
39
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
40
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
41
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
All DMGs except this one can be embedded in one
another
42
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
43
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
44
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
One of the games is the Information Offering
game. Like all other games, a single occurrence
of this game can account for an indefinitely long
interval of interaction. Currently in DMT there
are about 19 defined games.
45
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
One of the games is the Information Offering
game. Like all other games, a single occurrence
of this game can account for an indefinitely long
interval of interaction. Currently in DMT there
are about 19 defined games.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
The set of dialogue games is open in principle.
Researchers can add or modify definitions to fit
their perceptions and purposes.
46
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 4
One of the games is the Information Offering
game. Like all other games, a single occurrence
of this game can account for an indefinitely long
interval of interaction. Currently in DMT there
are about 19 defined games.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
The set of dialogue games is open in principle.
More basically, the set is open in principle
because the macrogames are seen as cultural
conventions.
This reflects Manns original intention to
parallel Wittgensteins Sprachspiele with
dialogue games
47
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions.
48
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this.
49
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid.
50
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid. These actions are almost
always implicit, but certain situations
(especially the diagnosis of misunderstanding)
can cause them to become explicit.
51
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid. Similarly, games
terminate by negotiation.
52
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid. Similarly, games
terminate by negotiation.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
53
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid. Similarly, games
terminate by negotiation.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
54
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid. Similarly, games
terminate by negotiation.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
55
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid. Similarly, games
terminate by negotiation.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
56
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid. Similarly, games
terminate by negotiation.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dgamedef
s.htm
57
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid. Similarly, games
terminate by negotiation. If a game has been bid
and the bid has been accepted the game is open.
58
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid. Similarly, games
terminate by negotiation. ... The scope of a
game is the entire interval during which it is in
use, including the initial bid of the game
59
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid. Similarly, games
terminate by negotiation. ... The scope of a
game is the entire interval during which it is in
use, including the final acceptance of
termination
60
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
The course of a dialogue between peers is
generally under the control of both participants.
They coordinate and jointly control by means of
particular kinds of actions. DMT uses a
negotiation metaphor to describe this. A game is
bid by the initiator, and the responder accepts
or rejects the bid. Similarly, games
terminate by negotiation. Since DMT applies
to entire dialogues, it supplements views of
sentences, turns or inherently small collections
of turns in dialogue.
Up to this point, besides the definition of the
scope of a game everything seems to be just like
good old dialogue games theory (Mann 1982)
61
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit.
62
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
It has been one of the shortcomings of DG theory
that it was not possible to treat speech-action
pairs. Unilaterals promise to remedy this problem.
63
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
64
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
Remember To provide information is the purpose
of the information offering (IO) game, too. The
relation between DMGs and Unilaterals will be
discussed shortly.
65
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
Again, to request action is the purpose of the
action seeking game.
66
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
Action is a Unilateral that has no parallel in
DGT
67
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
This, in turn, could be a case of information
offering (IO)
68
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
There is a DMG called Suggestion Offering
defined above
69
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
How about the action offering (AO) game, here?
70
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
Maybe cases of information probing (IP) or
socratic challenge (SC) games?
71
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
This seems okay as a Unilateral.
72
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
73
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
It is about time to have a look at the relation
between DMGs and Unilaterals. Here is what Mann
explains.
74
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
(We are presented with a table, again.)
75
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
76
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
77
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
This characterization of Unilaterals seems at
least doubtful. How about the Completion? From
our own corpus Inst Now you take Const
a screw should count as a completion, yet is
uttered in the pursuit of a joint goal.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
78
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
This characterization of Unilaterals seems at
least doubtful. How about the Direct? As
introduced, there seems to be no difference
between it and the bid of an Action Seeking game.
(This idea will be elaborated a little more in a
minute.)
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
79
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
This characterization of Unilaterals seems at
least doubtful. How about the Direct? As
introduced, there seems to be no difference
between it and the bid of an Action Seeking game.
Besides this, the latter could be used in pursuit
of just the initiators intention.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
80
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
81
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
82
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
How about the Completion, again? By definition,
Completion provides an ending for something being
said by another. So it necessarily involves two
participants.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
83
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
84
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
85
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
Not all of the DMGs are recursive Conversation
Seeking (CS) notably and explicitly can not be
embedded It is marked as not recursive.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
86
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
Not all of the DMGs are recursive Conversation
Seeking (CS) notably and explicitly can not be
embedded. The Unilateral Suggest, on the
other hand, can surely be embedded.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
87
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
88
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dg-parts
.htm
89
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
Manns opinion, in short
Unilaterals are actions that are part of the
interaction, performed by only one of the
participants, that distinctively do not involve
collaboration or joint goals.
90
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
Proposal The Unilaterals of DMT by and large
really are (complex) speech acts that constitute
either bid or acceptance of a good old DG plus
non-linguistic action and meta-communication.
91
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
Proposal The Unilaterals of DMT by and large are
really (complex) speech acts that constitute
either bid or acceptance of a good old DG plus
non-linguistic action and meta-communication. Is
there a way to support this interpretation?
92
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
Proposal The Unilaterals of DMT by and large are
really (complex) speech acts that constitute
either bid or acceptance of a good old DG plus
non-linguistic action and meta-communication. Is
there a way to support this interpretation? Lets
have a look at the categories of Unilaterals.
93
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
The example (Thank you) could very well be the
acceptance of an action offering (AO) game.
94
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
What makes it a polite speech act is the Searle
Vandervekian (1992) mode of achievement
95
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
Here is quite a hotchpotch of defining
functions but acts (1) and (2) look like
answers to previous utterances.
96
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
Here is quite a hotchpotch of defining
functions (3) seems to be a case of
meta-communication
97
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
Utterances (1) and (3) seem to be paradigm cases
of (1) conversation seeking and (3) bid of
termination of CS or acceptance thereof.
98
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
Utterance (2) seems to be meta-communication.
99
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
http//www-rcf.usc.edu/billmann/dialogue/dmtunila
terals.htm
These two cases obviously meta-communication -
remain.
100
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
Proposal The Unilaterals of DMT by and large are
really (complex) speech acts that constitute
either bid or acceptance of a good old DG plus
non-linguistic action and meta-communication. Is
there a way to support this interpretation? Lets
have a look at the categories of Unilaterals.
101
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
Proposal The Unilaterals of DMT by and large are
really (complex) speech acts that constitute
either bid or acceptance of a good old DG plus
non-linguistic action and meta-communication. Is
there a way to support this interpretation? Lets
have a look at the categories of Unilaterals. The
defining functions and the examples support the
suspicion that Unilaterals by and large should
count not as a new type of entity in DMT.
102
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
Proposal The Unilaterals of DMT by and large are
really (complex) speech acts that constitute
either bid or acceptance of a good old DG plus
non-linguistic action and meta-communication. Is
there a way to support this interpretation? Lets
have a look at the categories of Unilaterals. The
defining functions and the examples support the
suspicion that Unilaterals by and large should
count not as a new type of entity in DMT. Rather,
they should be characterized as indicated.
103
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
Proposal The Unilaterals of DMT by and large are
really (complex) speech acts that constitute
either bid or acceptance of a good old DG plus
non-linguistic action and meta-communication. Is
there a way to support this interpretation? Lets
have a look at the categories of Unilaterals. The
defining functions and the examples support the
suspicion that Unilaterals by and large should
count not as a new type of entity in DMT. Rather,
they should be characterized as indicated. The
meta-communicative acts should be taken to
be explicit bids or acceptances plus turn-taking
signals.
104
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
Summary DMT is a partially refined version of
DGT.
105
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
Summary DMT is a partially refined version of
DGT. The inventory of DGT comprises the inventory
of DMT (with a changed definition of the scope of
a DG).
106
Dialogue Macrogame Theory
M02, 5
It turns out that most dialogues do not consist
entirely of goal pursuit that could be
represented by dialogue macrogames. Other things
happen, even when the major activity is joint
goal pursuit. DMT has a class of actions that do
not involve joint goals and that are generally
confined to a single turn. They are called
Unilateral Actions or Unilaterals.
Summary DMT is a partially refined version of
DGT. The inventory of DGT comprises the inventory
of DMT (with a changed definition of the scope of
a DG). Unilaterals are in fact already implicit
in DGT, except (1) actions and (2)
meta-communicative acts.
107
Dialog example situation
Two Ss, instructor and constructor cooperate in
building a toy airplane
108
Dialog example situation

• Previous step ? highest coordination peak point

? ?
109
Dialog example situation
(A) Inst So, jetzt nimmst du Well, now you
take Cnst eine Schraube a screw. Inst eine lt-gt
orangene mit einem Schlitz. an lt-gt orange one
with a slit Cnst Ja. Yes
110
Dialog example situation
(A) Inst So, jetzt nimmst du Well, now you
take Cnst eine Schraube a screw. Inst eine lt-gt
orangene mit einem Schlitz. an lt-gt orange one
with a slit Cnst Ja. Yes
Available Bolts
111
Dialog example situation

• (B)
• Inst Und steckst sie dadurch, also
• And you put it through there,
• lets see
• Cnst Von oben.
• From the top.
• Inst Von oben, daß also die drei festgeschraubt
  werden dann.
• From the top, so that the three bars get fixed.
• Cnst Ja.
• Yes.

Intended Junction
Intended Result
112
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take
• Cnst a screw.
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit
• Cnst Yes.

113
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take
• Cnst a screw.
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit
• Cnst Yes.
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets see
• Cnst From the top.
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

Assume that you are left with the impression that
this discourse is coherent.
114
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take
• Cnst a screw.
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit
• Cnst Yes.
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets see
• Cnst From the top.
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

Assume that you are left with the impression that
this discourse is coherent. How can it be
annotated using DMT?
115
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw.
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit
• Cnst Yes.
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets see
• Cnst From the top.
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

This is fairly straightforward.
116
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag ?
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit
• Cnst Yes.
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets see
• Cnst From the top.
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

Of course, constructor accepts the bid but the
utterance can be classified in various ways
117
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. Completion?
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit
• Cnst Yes.
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets see
• Cnst From the top.
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

Of course, constructor accepts the bid but the
utterance can be classified in various ways
118
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit
• Cnst Yes.
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets see
• Cnst From the top.
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

119
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit SO, bg ?
• Cnst Yes.
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets see
• Cnst From the top.
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

120
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit IO, bg ?
• Cnst Yes.
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets see
• Cnst From the top.
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

121
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit Repair ?
• Cnst Yes.
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets see
• Cnst From the top.
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

122
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit Repair
• Cnst Yes. AS, bt
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets see
• Cnst From the top.
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

123
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit Repair
• Cnst Yes. AS, bt
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets
  see AS, bg
• Cnst From the top.
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

124
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit Repair
• Cnst Yes. AS, bt
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets
  see AS, bg
• Cnst From the top. Completion ?
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

125
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit Repair
• Cnst Yes. AS, bt
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets
  see AS, bg
• Cnst From the top. CS, bg ?
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

126
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit Repair
• Cnst Yes. AS, bt
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets
  see AS, bg
• Cnst From the top. CS, bg
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed.
• Cnst Yes.

127
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit Repair
• Cnst Yes. AS, bt
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets
  see AS, bg
• Cnst From the top. CS, bg
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed. CS, ag
• Cnst Yes.

128
Dialog example situation

• (A)
• Inst Well, now you take AS, bg
• Cnst a screw. AS, ag
• Inst an lt-gt orange one with a slit Repair
• Cnst Yes. AS, bt
• (B)
• Inst And you put it through there, lets
  see AS, bg
• Cnst From the top. CS, bg
• Inst From the top, so that the three bars get
  fixed. CS, ag
• Cnst Yes. AS, bt