Industrial Nanoscience

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Industrial Nanoscience

• Surfaces and Structures
• Electronics
• Clothing
• Personal Care Products
• Nanobiomanufacturing
• Production

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From underwear to tennis rackets, from golf
clubs to pants, from makeup to bed sheets, from
toothpaste to i-pods.

• How can small science help us make big money?

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1. Surfaces and Structures

• Producing structures, surfaces and  thin
  films with smooth, yet complex functions,
  requires precision and nanotechnology.

• For example
• X-ray mirrors for investigating
• outer space
• More precise measuring tools
• Structures for crystal optics, such as liquid
  crystal displays (LCDs)
• Display screens with nano-structured parts
• Anti-reflective coatings
• Self-cleaning surfaces, such as paints and Bling,
  window coating

http//www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006
/02/70117 http//www.nanoprotect.co.uk/nano-for-c
ar.html http//www.patmedia.net/tbookman/techsoc/w
int04cov.jpg
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Cleaner Buildings and Walkways
Treated
Untreated
Nanostone is just one sample of nanoparticles and
nanocoatings which are available for buildings,
cars and glass.
?
?
How big is 1 nanometer? Lets see on the next
page.
Nanoparticles much smaller than the particles in
traditional coatings or sealants. 1nm sized
particles, silane, easily penetrate the substrate
and bond to it.
http//www.nanoprotect.co.uk/easy-to-clean-coating
s.html
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This is one nanometer!
This is one nanometer!
http//www.terressentials.com/exposure.html
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Fire-Resistant Paint

• Researchers have found a way of replacing the
  soap used to stabilize latex paints with
  nanotech-sized clay armor. It wears better and is
  fire resistant.

http//www.whatsnextnetwork.com/technology/index.p
hp/2007/07/30/p5554more5554
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No More Graffiti

• Buildings can now be protected with a
  nanotechnology product against graffiti. The
  material contains nanoparticles which impregnate
  the concrete effectively against aerosol paint.
  The coating can be cleaned over and over again
  without a problem and it even lets the building
  materials breath, so that moisture can
  evaporate.
• Traditional means of protection lie on top of
  the surface like a plastic cover, preventing
  moisture from evaporating. They also have to be
  reapplied after the building has been cleaned
  several times.

http//www.nanotruck.de image http//www.pargill.
com/images/18.jpg
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Mirror, Mirror, On the Wall Modified by
Nanotechnology

• Nanotechnology has improved the quality of
  mirrors as well as providing us with a no-fog
  surface. (Click here to read more.)
•  

Some mirrors require surfaces that are accurate
to only a few atoms in thickness. If the surface
is more than a few atoms thick, light will be
scattered. For extremely precise optical
applications mirrors are made smoother using
nanotechnology.
Nanofilms Clarity Fog Eliminators can keep your
glasses fog-free. Learn more by clicking here
Fog
http//www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?lan
guageenglishtypearticle_id218392698
http//www.nanoposts.com/htmldata/10/2007_10/842_
1.html http//www.repellents.im/images/foggy20wi
ndow.jpg
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Nanotechnology and Smoother Printer Paper

• Kodak has improved printer paper with
  nanoscience. Follow this link to learn more.
  Picture Paper with Nanotechnology

Alsohttp//www.smalltimes.com/articles/article_di
splay.cfm?SectionARCHICConsuARTICLE_ID269488
p109
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2. Electronics

• How small would you want your digital camera,
  cellphone or MP3 player? 
• Of course, with nanotechnology they will be
  more precise and faster, too.
• On the next page youll read about a
  nano-innovation for transistors, important
  electronic components.

https//www.verigy.com/portal/page/portal/Internet
20Homepage/Cartoon20Calendar/200820Calendar
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Nano-Transistors

• "If you think about a structure of gold dots
  on a DNA strand, it's like a wire with a whole
  bunch of minute cuts in it. In order for
  electrons to travel down a nanoparticle chain,
  they have to jump or tunnel from one particle to
  the next. As a result, these nanochains have
  different properties than a wire would have.
  That's why you can make transistors out of
  them."This tunneling behavior, a feature of
  quantum physics is a problem for other
  manufacturing techniques but helps at the
  nanoscale.
• Jim Hutchison, patent holder
  6,872,971

A Nano-Transistor Gold nanoparticles surrounded
by organic shells self-aligned along a strand of
DNA.
http//duckhenge.uoregon.edu/io/article.php?id236

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And More Gold

• Mechanical engineers at Berkley used an ink
  that contains nano-particles of gold to print the
  electronic structures.

• These are some uses for them
• field-effect transistor (Transistors which use
  electric fields to control conductivity in
  semi-conductors),

• radio frequency identification (RFID) tags,

• thin-film photovoltaics or flexible sensors.

http//www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-news-
archive/Electronics/
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New Chip Technology

• Scientists are building semi-conductors one
  atom at a time using magnetism.

http//www.voyle.net/200620Electronics/Nano20Ele
ctronics-2006-099049.htm http//img.alibaba.com/
photo/11430900/Semiconductor_IC_Electronic_Compone
nts.jpg
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3. Clothing
Thanks to nanotechnology we already have fabrics
that repel dirt and spills, like Docker Khaki.
Click on the link below to find out what a
company called Nano-Tex is doing to improve
fabrics that you wear. Nanotechnology in Fabric
http//mit.edu/cmse/news/hotarchives.html
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Cleaner Underwear?
The US air force has created self cleaning
fabric using nanoparticles that has been put to
good use with underwear. Athletes should
appreciate it, too.

• These nanoparticles are sprinkled over the
  fabric using microwaves Then chemicals that
  repel bacteria, water, and oil are bound to the
  nanoparticles.
• The process is illustrated on the next page.

http//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538211/Sel
f-clean-technology-to-remove-the-mud2C-sweat-and-
tears-of-wash-day-for-ever.html
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Not On, But In, The Fabric
Imagine wearing a billboard on your back. "Smart
Fabric is light and signal emitting fabric. Not
a stiff board, but a multimedia device imbedded
into the fabric of the clothes you are wearing.

• Imagine clothing that would monitor your
  health.  The clothing could register your
  condition onto a display, either imbedded in the
  fabric or on a wireless device, for caregivers.

http//web.media.mit.edu/rehmi/fabric/
http//www.intelligentclothing.com/index.html
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Personal Care Products Improve with Nanoscience

• There are patents for nanoparticles in
  toothpaste, sunscreen, shampoo, hair conditioner,
  lipstick, moisturizer and deodorant and creams.

Learn more about these products at this link
Cosmetics
http//nanorouge.com/index.php http//www.rsc.org
/images/FEATURE-botox-230_tcm18-92675.jpg
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For Instance Sunscreens

• Nanoparticles are over one thousand times
  smaller than the diameter of a hair! So size and
  form of the particles affect the property as well
  as the chemical makeup.
• The nanoparticles in sunscreen form an
  invisible protective shield over the skin and
  reflect the sunbeams off it, like small mirrors.

Why is this a better method of UV protection?
Previous sunscreens used organic UV filters which
can cause allergic reactions.
http//blog.nutritiondata.com/photos/uncategorized
/2007/07/30/sunscreen.gif
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Nano-Toothpaste

• Scientists can make hydroxyapatite, a key
  component of tooth enamel, into nanosized
  crystals. When nano-sized this ingredient is
  added to toothpaste. It forms a protective film
  on tooth enamel, and even restores the surface in
  damaged areas. Similar nano-products which
  actually will repair cavities are just around the
  corner.

http//www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid1091.php
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5. NanoscienceBiologyManufacturing
Nanobiomanufacturing

• In the area of nanobiomanufacturing scientists
  are designing organism and membranes to produce
  useful chemicals
• Enzymes as industrial catalysts to produce
  valuable chemicals
• And enzymes to destroy hazardous chemicals or
  pollutants.

Fluorescence  micrograph of chromosomes stained
with polymers
http//www.dhigroup.com/?sc_itemid7BFC68969A-E51
A-4570-A0F7-49A8CA173B047D http//www.icat.dtu.d
k/intro/index.html http//www.ifm.liu.se/biorgel/
http//www.epa.gov/glnpo/image/vbig/207.jpg
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Why Use Nanotechnology in Nanobiomanufacturing?
Because

• Nanobiotechnology uses less natural resources
  than traditional forms of manufacturing.

http//www.nanotruck.de
http//www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Klimaentwicklung/
Bilder/klimaentwicklung__1__g__en,propertydefault
.jpg
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6. Production
Compared to the same amount of non-nanosized
materials, nanoparticles have an enormous surface
area. This means that products made with
nanoparticles have a lot more atoms lying on the
surface than products made without
nanoparticles.  Thus they interact more with
their surroundings, both chemically and
physically. Nanoparticles, nanocoatings, and
nanopowders create materials and products which
have amazing possibilities.  
One tablespoon of thiol-SAMMS powder has the same
surface area as a football field and can capture
more than half its weight in contaminants from
low-level waste streams.
http//www.solarserver.de/solarmagazin/images/nano
_iws_270.jpg http//www.zyn.com/flcfw/news/pnnl3e
nv.htm
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Nanoscience Innovations in Production

• Nanoscience and nanotechnology contribute to
  cleaner industry mainly by reducing the use of
  raw materials and energy in the areas of

• production
• processes
• products
• and even recycling.

http//nanoarchitecture.net/images/720.jpg
http//www.qccorp.com/images/material_control_pic
.jpg http//www.britishcouncil.org/arts-film-educ
ation.htm http//nanoarchitecture.net/images/720.
jpg
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Nanosized Conveyor Belts
Carbon nanotubes are being made into conveyor
belts capable of carrying atom-sized particles to
microscopic worksites at Berkley, California.
In the workplace, nano-scale conveyor belts could
speed the atom-by-atom construction of the
world's smallest devices.
http//www.lbl.gov/Publications/annual-report/2005
-2006/files/03-nanofrontiers-3.html courtesy of
Zettl Research Group. http//www.poerink.nl/jonge
poerink/Products/Tiger/tabid/241/Default.aspx
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The Worlds Smallest Motor

• This nanomotor has a gold paddle-shaped
  rotor blade, measuring between 100 and 300
  nanometers in length. The shaft is a carbon
  nanotube shaft less than 10 nanometers thick. 
• The first model was 300 times smaller than
  the diameter of a human hair. Potentially it can
  be made as much as five times smaller.  It
  rotates at nearly one billion rotations per
  second. 
• Since it is practically frictionless, the
  motor can run indefinitely without wearing down. 
  It can even withstand the temperatures and
  radiation of outerspace so it can be used in
  space explorations.
• It may also be used in biological and
  environmental sensors, cell phones, optics,
  airbags, tire sensors, digital pens, blood
  pressure monitors, extremely smart subwoofers and
  antenna alignment. 

Check out the size comparison for this motor on
the next page!
http//www.lbl.gov/Publications/annual-report/2005
-2006/files/03-nanofrontiers-1.html
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Size of motor
Size of shaft
http//www.nano.gov/html/facts/The_scale_of_things
.html
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So What Would Be Gained by Using Nanotechnology
in Manufacturing? 

• We can expect there will be greater production
  accuracy. 
• Cleaner clothes, buildings and windows
• Improved safety thanks to cleaner car windows and
  antibacterial products.
• Cheaper materials because of cost-effective mass
  production and because materials will be made of
  less expensive and environmentally friendly
  materials.

http//www.intelligentclothing.com/index.htm http
//www.gizmowatch.com/images/bio-nanomanufacturing.
jpg l http//www.nanotruck.de
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Whats On the Horizon?
Though they haven't arrived yet, within you'll
lifetime youll see -

• Machines made from ceramics
• instead of metals.
• Clothing that is even more  flexible with colors
  that can be changed at will.

http//biosingularity.files.wordpress.com/2007/02/
3062_web.jpg
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Social, Environmental and Ethical Concerns
 

• Might these nanotechnology developments in
  manufacturing infringe on human rights? 
• Could any of them decrease privacy of
  individuals? 
• Could the use of nanotechnology for manufacturing
  have unwanted and negative environmental effects?
• What economic impact could the use of
  nanotechnology in manufacturing have on
  producers, consumers, and other industries? Might
  they be negative or positive?

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What About Your Rights?

• If so, are these developments
• more important than
• Your privacy? 
• Your rights as a citizen? 
• Your rights as a human being?
• Are the answers somewhere in between?

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Planning Your Presentation

• What can be done to maximize the chances that
  humans will benefit from, rather than be harmed
  by, new developments?
• If we can develop these technologies, should we?
  Why?

To prepare for your presentation, answer these
questions using reference materials which can
include the websites linked to this webquest
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to/2007/02/15/PH2007021502068.jpg
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Manufacturing Websites

• The first link below connects to a page of
  websites which has more information on
  nanotechnology in manufacturing. 
• The second link is a general website page. It is
  chock full of nanotechnology sites related to
  multiple areas including yours. 

Manufacturing Websites General Websites

• The next page of this presentation has links to
  more nanoproducts.

http//web.nmsu.edu/jcecil/current-initiatives/Na
noTechnology_Research/nano-gear.jpg
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Do You Want to See More Uses of Nanotechnology in
Manufacturing?

• Other nanoproducts can be found at
• Nanoproducts Link 1 . 
• There are also links to specific products at
  Nanoproducts Link 2 
• Click here for a list of nanoproducts created at
  UW-Madison in November of 2005.

Scroll down to the bottom of the page at this
link and open the Activity Sheets.  Each one is a
new nanotechnology product.  The Power Point
(NINN-1020), found just above the Activity
Sheets, is also helpful in finding information on
nanotechnology in manufacturing.
http//www.nanoindustry.eu/images/nano.jpg
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More Help
 
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