CivilMilitary Cooperation in Peace Operations Seminar

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Civil-Military Cooperation in Peace Operations
Seminar

• United Nations University
• Tokyo, Japan
• 13 18 April, 2003
• Mr. Jeff Lewis

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Humanitarian Operations

• Objectives
• Gain a better understanding of the components of
  the humanitarian community
• Better understand the various roles and
  responsibilities of the players
• Identify possible coordination mechanisms for
  providing humanitarian assistance.

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Humanitarian Operations

• Humanitarian Players
• United Nations (UN)
• Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)
• Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement
• Donors
• Host nation (government and individuals)
• Military forces (as required)

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Strategic, Operational, and Tactical Level
Structures
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Humanitarian Operations

• UN Specialized Agencies
• United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
• World Food Programme (WFP)
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
• UN International Childrens Emergency Fund
  (UNICEF)
• World Health Organization (WHO)

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Humanitarian Operations

• UN Coordination
• OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
  Affairs
• Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP)
• UNDAC United Nations Disaster Assessment and
  Coordination
• Search and Rescue Teams (w/INSARAG)
• Central Register of Disaster Management
  Capacities
• On-site Operations Coordination Centre (OSOCC)
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)
• heads of all UN operational agencies, major NGO
  coalitions invited to attend
• Strategic level guidance

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Humanitarian Operations

• Special Representative of the Secretary-General
  (SRSG)/Special Envoy
• Highest ranking UN official in mission
• UN Lead Agency
• Assigned by UN Secretary-General
• Mandate to coordinate, not command/control
• Assigned depending on circumstances/country
• Prior to complex emergencies UNDP
• E. Timor OCHA

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Humanitarian Operations

• NGOs
• Broad Definition
• Every organization in society which is not part
  of government, and which operates in civil
  society
• Diversity
• Size
• Operating Styles
• Geographic Focus
• Religious background
• Programmatic Orientation

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Humanitarian Operations

• NGO Principles
• Humanity
• Impartiality
• Neutrality
• Independence
• Voluntary
• Unity
• Universality

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Humanitarian Operations
Major NGOs working in relief

• CARE
• World Vision
• Catholic Relief Services
• Save the Children
• International Medical Corps
• Médecins sans Frontières
• Doctors of the World
• World (IRISH) Concern
• Adventist Dev. Relief Int.
• Food for the Hungry
• International Rescue Committee
• Joint Relief International

• Mercy Corps
• Africare
• Concern
• World Relief
• OXFAM
• AmeriCares
• Lutheran World Relief
• Refugees International
• American Friends Svc.
• International Aid
• American Refugee Com.

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Humanitarian Operations

• NGO Strengths
• Critical recipient level work
• Less bureaucratic/more cost-effective
• Access to local knowledge
• Neutrality essential to security
• Work protected by international conventions
• NGO Weaknesses
• Not homogenous system
• Lack of collaboration
• Failure to see the big picture
• Government erodes independence
• Can be perceived as threat to host nation

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Humanitarian Operations

• Efforts to improve accountability
• Sphere Project Minimum Standards in Disaster
  Response
• water supply and sanitation
• nutrition
• food aid
• shelter and site planning
• health services
• ICRC/NGO Code of Conduct
• 130 organizations have signed
• Donor demands for increased accountability
• What is acceptable loss

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Humanitarian Operations

• Aid Dilemmas in Conflict
• Defers state responsibility to citizens
• Fuels conflict diversion of aid to troops
• Camps become a base to militants/guerrillas
• Refugees/aid workers as targets/hostages

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Humanitarian Operations

• Elements of Humanitarian Response
• Logistics/Planning
• Assessment Teams
• Security/Protection
• Engineering
• Health Care (physical/mental)
• International/national law
• Management/Administration
• Advocacy/Public Relations

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Humanitarian Operations
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