Introduction%20to%20GIS%20in%20Water%20Resources

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Introduction to GIS in Water Resources

• David R. Maidment
• Director,
• Center for Research in Water Resources
• University of Texas at Austin

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National Hydro Data Programs
National Elevation Dataset (NED)
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
Watershed Boundary Dataset
NED-Hydrology
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National Elevation Dataset

• Digital Elevation Model with 1 arc-second (30m)
  cells
• Seamless in 1 blocks for the United States
• 10 billion data
• Derived from USGS 124,000 quadrangle sheets

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Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
720
720
Contours
740
720
700
680
680
700
720
740
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Austin West 30 Meter DEM
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Eight Direction Pour Point Model
Water flows in the direction of steepest descent
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Flow Direction Grid
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Cell to Cell Grid Network Through the Landscape
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Delineation of Streams and Watersheds on a DEM
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GTOPO30 - 1 km Digital Elevation Model of the
Earth
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Drainage in North America
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1500 Major Drainage Basins
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National Hydro Data Programs
National Elevation Dataset (NED)
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
Watershed Boundary Dataset
NED-Hydrology
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Watersheds of the US
8-digit HUC watersheds
2-digit water resource regions
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Hydrologic Unit Code Watersheds
2000 for US, about the size of counties
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Watershed Hierarchy
Digit
2
4
6
8 HUC
10
12
NED-H
Available
In Progress
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Watershed Boundary Dataset

• National Program by USGS and USDA (NRCS)
• Boundaries for 10- and 12- digit watersheds
• First cut is by automated delineation from NED
• Hand checked and edited

10-digit watersheds
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• National program by USGS and NWS
• 5000 cell threshold on a 30m DEM ( 8 km2 average
  drainage area)
• 1 million catchments for US when completed
• Includes grid derived products e.g. topmodel index

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EPA River Reach File 1 (RF1)
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River networks for 8-digit HUC watersheds
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Lower West Fork, Trinity River Basin HUC
12030102
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NHD River Reaches
412 River Reaches In Upper West Fork
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River Reach Codes
Rch_Code 12030102000151
Rch_Code 12030102000005
Segment
HUC
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Colorado River Network
1100,000 scale river network developed from
NHD 60,000 edges 40,000 mile2 drainage area
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City of Austin Stream Network
Developed from 1100 Capco Areal
photogrammetry 11200 scale 63,000 edges 6,300
stream miles
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Stream Definition Waller Creek
Austin Watersheds with Streamsderived from
Aerial Photographs
Streamlines generated by the aerial photographs
are not always continuous.
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Information for Correcting Stream Network

• DEM
• Contours
• Storm sewers
• Orthophotos

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Resulting Corrected Stream

• Subsequent steps
• Verification of corrected streams by flood
  hydrologists.
• Running tracer program to connect arcs.
• Burning of streams into DEM.

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Colorado River at Mansfield Dam
From NHD 1100,000 scale
River Reaches
Lake Travis
City of Austin Stream network 11200 scale
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Detailed Comparison between NHD and Austin streams
Good agreement between data sets developed
independently at very different spatial scales
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County Level Digital Soil Maps
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National Land Cover Dataset
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PRISM Mean Annual Precipitation
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National Water Information System
Web access to USGS water resources data in real
time
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Synthesis of GIS and Modeling
(slide from 1st International Conference on GIS
and Environmental Modeling, Boulder, 1991)
GIS
Environmental Modeling
Environmental description
Process representation
Input
Data
Model
Results
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Data-Driven Modeling
(slide from 3rd International Conference on GIS
and Environmental Modeling, Santa Fe, 1996)
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Successes in GIS-Model Integration

• EPA Office of Science and Technology
• BASINS
• Hydrologic Engineering Center
• HEC GeoRAS and HEC-GeoHMS
• Waterways Experiment Station and Brigham Young
  University
• WMS, GMS, SMS,
• Danish Hydraulic Institute
• Mike11 GIS, Mike Basin, Mike21 GIS

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BASINS - Integrating GIS and Water Quality
Modeling
Data Cartographic Monitoring
Loadings

• Models
• HSPF - NPSM
• QUAL2E
• TOXIROUTE

Tools Target Assessment Data
Mining Reporting
Target
Assess
DM
Decisions Watershed Management . TMDL .
Source Water Protection . Stormwater
State and Local Data
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Integrating GIS and HEC Flood Models
HEC-GeoHMS
HEC-GeoRAS
Digital Map Database
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Austin Watersheds
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DEM Watersheds for Austin
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Integrating GIS and HEC Flood Models
HEC-GeoHMS
HEC-GeoRAS
Digital Map Database
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Austin Watersheds
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DEM Watersheds for Austin
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Selected Watersheds and Streams
Mansfield Dam
Colorado River
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HMS Schematic Prepared with CRWR-PrePro
Mansfield Dam
Colorado River
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HMS Model of the Austin Region
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HMS Results
Watershed 155
Junction 44
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Integrating GIS and HEC Flood Models
HEC-GeoHMS
HEC-GeoRAS
Digital Map Database
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Waller Creek DEM
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Waller Creek HMS Model
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Connecting HMS and RAS
HMS
RAS
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Discharge at a Particular Cross-Section
(RAS)
(HMS)
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HEC-RAS Cross-Section Description

• Points describe channel and floodway geometry
• Bank station locations
• Water surface elevations and floodplain
  boundaries

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Flood Plain Mapping
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Floodplain Mapping 3-D View