Plug-in Vehicles: The Utilities Perspective in New England

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Plug-in Vehicles The Utilities Perspective in
New England

• Panel on Integrating Electric Vehicles Into the
  Grid
• and Electricity Markets
• Restructuring Roundtable February 13, 2009
• Watson Collins
• Project Manager, Enterprise Planning Group
• Northeast Utilities

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NUs Agenda for the Utilities Sector
Where Does Electric Transportation Fit In?

• Reduce traditional end use
• energy consumption
• ? Cut load growth in half

• Decarbonize our electricity
• fuel supply
• ? Develop 2,000-2,500 MWs of
• New England renewables
• ? Develop 1,200-1,400 MW new
• tie-line to Quebec

Lay the groundwork for electric transportation

• Reduce carbon intensity of nontraditional end
  uses through
• electrification and/or gasification

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GM / EPRI Collaboration NU Leads New England
Efforts
40 utilities nationwide
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The New Transportation Era A Portfolio of
Technology Options for Personal Transportation
Vehicle drive trains become simpler as reliance
on internal combustion engines decreases
High
Level of Complexity
Low
PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
EREV (Extended Range Electric Vehicle)
BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle)
Utility infrastructure and charging
infrastructure needs increase as electric miles
increase
High
Level of Complexity
Low
PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
EREV (Extended Range Electric Vehicle)
BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle)
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Automaker Design Choices Will Impact
Utilities
PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) EREV (Extended Range Electric Vehicle) BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle)
Internal Combustion Engine Yes (Powers wheels in parallel with Electric Motor) Yes (Powers generator which charges batteries) No
Average Electric Range 10 20 Miles (ICE still runs in electric mode) 40 Miles (ICE runs after battery is depleted) 100 Miles
EPA MPG Rating 50 100 MPG 80 120 MPG 100 200 MPG
Charging Requirements 120v 15a circuit 120v 15a circuit (8 hours) 240v 20-30a circuit (3 hours) 240v 30-70a circuit (3-6 hours) 3Ø charger (15-30 min 80 charge)
Useable Battery Sizing 3-5 kWh 8-10 kWh 20-35 kWh
Level of Charging Infrastructure Improvements Needed Some Moderate level of improvements for 240v charging Moderate to high level of improvements especially for 3Ø charging
To charge a 35-kWh battery in 10 minutes
requires 250 kilowatts of power.
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The Ultimate Bottomline EVs Will Deliver a
Better Carbon Footprint, Fuel Cost Savings and
MPG Ratings
4060 Reduction in Annual Fuel Costs _at_ 2
gas (7080 Reduction in Fuel Costs _at_ 4 gas)
7585 Reduction in CO2 Emissions
PHEVs are expected to get 80 to 150 MPG ratings
with full EVs getting 100 to 200 MPG
ratings (Roughly 36 kWh equal 1 gallons of
gasoline in the EPAs MPG ratings)

• Assumptions
• 15,000 miles annually
• 5 miles per kWh electric consumption
• New England marginal emissions rate is 1,100 lbs
  per MWh
• 20 cent per kWh electric price

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Leveraging the Regions Fuel Diversity Mix for
Transportation
New Englands Generation Fleet

• Has much lower carbon emission rates than
  national averages
• The percentage of total generation produced by
  gas-fired and gas-and-oil-fired plants in New
  England was 42 in 2007.
• Nationwide, about 21 of electric energy is
  produced by power plants fueled by natural gas.
• Will continue to have a better carbon footprint
• New England participates in the Regional
  Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a cap and trade
  market for power sector greenhouse gas emissions.
• Progressively increasing Renewable Portfolio
  Standards (RPS) will add low-impact resources to
  the market.
• NU and others are taking steps to further
  de-carbonize our electric supply fuel mix.

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New England Has Some Catching Up to Do
Major progress and momentum in other regions
f
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Comments Further Dialogue Appreciated
Contact info for Watson Collins Email
collinw_at_nu.com Office 860.665.2255 Mobile
860.989.9879 (Online resources coming
soon) E-mail me your contact info and Ill
put you on my distribution list for future New
England EV updates