LUNAR MEN: James Watt

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LUNAR MEN James Watt
Joseph Wright, The Blacksmiths Shop
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JAMES WATT(1736-1819)

• Scot
• Instrument-maker
• Fascinated by engine problem
• 1765 Watt Engine perfected

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The Steam Engine THE KEY TO THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

• Heat water
• Channel the steam
• The steam can push up a piston in a cylinder UP!
• Cool (condense) the steam
• The piston will drop DOWN

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The Steam Engine THE KEY TO THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

• UP DOWN motion
• Connect piston to a beam to get very slow UP and
  DOWN motion
• The Greeks had engines like this!
• Thomas NEWCOMEN use to bail water from mines

A Newcomen Engine
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The Steam Engine THE KEY TO THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

• Create gears to shift UP DOWN to AROUND
  AROUND motion (rotary motion)
• SPEED UP ENTIRE PROCESS BY ADDED A SEPARATE
  CONDENSER TO COOL THE PISTONS

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The Steam Engine THE KEY TO THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

• The SEPARATE CONDENSER is a set of valves that
  let steam into the cylinder to drive the piston
  up then let steam out to let the piston drop
  then let steam back in

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The Steam Engine THE KEY TO THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

• PROBLEMS
• Water boiler strong enough so it wont explode!
• Piston/Cylinder finely machined enough so steam
  wont leak
• Open/Shut valves that can be synchronized
• Fuel to heat the water

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The Steam Engine THE KEY TO THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

• EUREKA!
• 1 ENGINE 25 HORSES (25 horsepower)
• 5 in sequence 125 horses!
• It can run 24/7!

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The Steam Engine THE KEY TO THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

• Attach by belts to Factory Machines (no need for
  wind or water power!)
• To Wagons ? Railroad (huge loads it can go
  wherever tracks can be laid
• To Ships ? Steam ships (no need for wind or
  current!

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The Steam Engine THE KEY TO THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

• SUDDENLY ?
• A Vast jump in POWER! SPEED!
• Factory production
• Mass production
• Factory cities
• Expanded markets
• Rapid travel

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The Steam Engine THE KEY TO THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

• Monster Steam Engines can be built
• Multiple engines can be linked
• Franklin et al., knew that rubbing materials
  together can generate electricity
• So steam engines can rub material together and
  generate ELECTRICITY

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1775 Boulton Watt
Matthew Boulton
James Watt
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A whole new universe
INDUSTRIAL, URBAN, MARKET-DRIVEN, HIGH-TECH.
VICTORIAN LONDON