How and why does total fertility rate vary spatially

1
(No Transcript)
2
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE

• is the average number of children born per
  woman. This number varies throughout different
  countries due to many reasons

3
Women in MEDCs tend to have fewer children
because

• Many men and women have good jobs which they want
  to pursue, rather than start a family.
• Contraceptives are available.
• Family planning is practiced.
• Improved medical care means a longer life
  expectancy, and so people start a family later on
  in life.

4
MEDCs fertility rates
Hong Kong 1.3 Australia 1.77 United
Kingdom 1.72 ------- MEDC average 1.6
5
Women in LEDCs tend to have more children
because

• They are needed to work on farms or help out with
  work.
• There is little/no contraception available.
• No education about birth control and effects.
• Religious beliefs (ie Catholics no
  contraception, Muslim and Hindu encourage large
  families)
• These reasons result in a country being
  overpopulated, and causes problems such as lack
  of food, water and shelter.

6
LEDCs fertility rates
Somalia 7.05 Yemen 6.9 Pakistan 4
.25 ------- LEDC average 3.2
7
(No Transcript)
8
China

• Over the last few decades, Chinas fertility rate
  has changed drastically. Reasons for this include
  those listed for MEDCs, but also because of the
  government enforcement on the one child policy

9
In 1966 China reached its highest rate at 7.7,
but quickly reduced to 3.0 in 1982.
Chinas fertility rate is now about 1.8 and is
keeping at a steady rate.
10
However

• This government enforcement has its problems

• The sex ratio becomes biased as male children are
  more desirable (It is now illegal for a doctor to
  tell you you child's gender before birth).
• Abortions have been made illegal to ensure equal
  amount of both sexes.
• Later generations will not have siblings, cousins
  etc (so small families).

11
This presentation was brought to you by
C
S
I
R
H

• hsiCr
• kiNc

C
K
I
N