Repeated Records

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Lecture 18
Repeated Records
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?2P ?2G ?2E
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?2P ?2G ?2E ?2G ?2BV ?2DOM ?2EPI
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?2P ?2G ?2E ?2G ?2BV ?2DOM ?2EPI h2B
?2G / ?2P
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?2P ?2G ?2E ?2G ?2BV ?2DOM ?2EPI h2B
?2G / ?2P h2 ?2BV / ?2P
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?2P ?2G ?2E ?2G ?2BV ?2DOM ?2EPI h2B
?2G / ?2P h2 ?2BV / ?2P ?2E ?2PE
?2TE PE permanent environment TE
temporary environment
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Repeatability (r)
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Repeatability (r)

• the degree of association between repeated
  records on the same animal

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Repeatability (r)

• the degree of association between repeated
  records on the same animal
• correlation between repeated measures

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Repeatability (r)

• the degree of association between repeated
  records on the same animal
• correlation between repeated measures

r ?2G ?2PE ?2P
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?2P ?2G ?2E ?2G ?2BV ?2DOM ?2EPI h2B
?2G / ?2P h2 ?2BV / ?2P 0 lt h2 lt h2B lt r lt
1 r ?2G ?2PE ?2P
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0 lt h2 lt h2B lt r lt 1
Find ?2PE
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0 lt h2 lt h2B lt r lt 1
Find ?2PE
?2PE (r - h2B) ?2P because
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0 lt h2 lt h2B lt r lt 1
Find ?2PE
?2PE (r - h2B) ?2P because ?2G ?2PE
?2G ?2P ?2P ?2P
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Repeatability of N Records

Situation have want P1 P2 P1
P2 P3 P1 P2 PN PN1


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Repeatability of N Records

Situation have want P1 P2 P1
P2 P3 P1 P2 PN PN1 Repeatability of n
previous measured records and the n 1 record


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Repeatability of N Records

Situation have want P1 P2 P1
P2 P3 P1 P2 PN PN1 Repeatability of n
previous measured records and the n 1 record


rn n r 1 (n - 1) r
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Repeatability of N Records
Example r .4 n rn
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Repeatability of N Records
Example r .4 n rn 1 .40
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Repeatability of N Records
Example r .4 n rn 1 .40 2 .57
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Repeatability of N Records
Example r .4 n rn 1 .40 2 .57 3 .66
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Repeatability of N Records
Example r .4 n rn 1 .40 2 .57 3 .66
4 .73
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Repeatability of N Records
Example r .4 n rn 1 .40 2 .57 3 .66
4 .73
Reduced value from adding more records.
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Repeatability of N Records
.8 .6 .4 .2
0 1 2 3 4
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Predicting Next Record
Example predicting the n 1 record from
performance in n previous records
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Predicting Next Record
Example predicting the n 1 record from
performance in n previous records
Formula Pi,n1 ?n1 rn ? (Pij -
?j) n
n
j 1
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Predicting Next Record
Dairy lactation, r .5
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Predicting Next Record
Dairy lactation, r .5 Lactation ? Animal
i 1 15000 15600 2 17000 16900 3 17500
P3 ?

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Predicting Next Record
r2 (2) r 2 1 (2 -1) r 3
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Predicting Next Record
r2 (2) r 2 1 (2 -1) r 3 Pi,3
?3 r2 (Pi,1 - ?1) (Pi,2 -?2) 2
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Predicting Next Record
r2 (2) r 2 1 (2 -1) r 3 Pi,3
?3 r2 (Pi,1 - ?1) (Pi,2 -?2)
2 17500 2 (15600 - 15000)(16900 - 17000)
3 2 17500 (2/3) 250 17667 lbs
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Breeding Programs
Requirements Goals and objectives Information
on traits Pedigrees
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Breeding Captive Populations
What are the objectives and how are they achieve?
Domestic Animal Breeding
Problem want to improve milk yield through
selection of male, how can this be done?
Human Population
How much inbreeding is too much (by law)?
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Breeding Captive Populations
Objective Maintaining genetic diversity
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Breeding Captive Populations
Objective Maintaining genetic diversity
Process Sample wild population (founders)
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Breeding Captive Populations
Objective Maintaining genetic diversity
Process Sample wild population (founders)
Breed each generation to maintain as much of the
original diversity sampled as possible.
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Strategies
Matings based on Mean Kinship
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Strategies
Matings based on Mean Kinship Genome Uniqueness
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Strategies
Matings based on Mean Kinship Genome
Uniqueness Inbreeding Avoidance
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Strategies
All these strategies are based on calculations of
the degree of relatedness of individuals in the
population.
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Domestic Animal Breeding
Male selection for a sex limited trait.
Utilize information from female relatives to
evaluate the potential of a male as a parent.
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Domestic Animal Breeding
Male selection for a sex limited trait.
Utilize information from female relatives to
evaluate the potential of a male as a parent.
Works because of sharing genes in common and
accuracy depends on how closely related the male
is to the females with records.
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Humans
How much inbreeding is too much?
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Humans
How much inbreeding is too much?
Laws against marriages between first cousins and
second cousins in 30 states.
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Humans
How much inbreeding is too much?
Laws against marriages between first cousins and
second cousins in 30 states. We can quantify
these laws by understanding the degree of
relatedness between prospective spouses describe
in the law.