Water treatment in rural areas of

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• Water treatment in rural areas of
• Aral Sea Region

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Uzbekistans population in 2004 was 25,100,000
and growing at a rate of 2-2.5 a year. The rural
population accounts for as much as 62 of the
total population and 40 of the population is
under the age of 14. Uzbekistan has the largest
population of the Central Asian Republics.
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• The two rivers Amu-Dar'ja and Syr-Dar'ja are
  heavily used for irrigation by the republics of
  Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

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In the last 35 years irrigation has been greatly
intensified. Since this period the desiccation
of the Aral sea has been dramatic, with the
result that the former fourth-largest lake of the
world is now the world's eighth largest lake.
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Vozrozhdenie Island, Big Aral Sea, former
military ships
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The drying off of the Aral Sea resulted in
desertification. As a result, a new desert
"Aralkum" appeared in the centre of the great
deserts. It is solid salt-marsh consisting of
finely-dispersed sea depositions and remnants of
mineral deposits, washed away from irrigated
fields.
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Climatic consequences

• Mesoclimatic changes (increase of continentality)
• Increase of salt and dust storms
• Shortening of the vegetation period

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Ecological / economic consequences

• Degeneration of the delta ecosystems
• Total collapse of the fishing industry
  (originally 44,000 t/a)
• Decrease of productivity of agricultural fields

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Health consequences

• Increase of serious diseases( e.g. cholera,
  typhus, gastritis, blood cancer)
• Increase of respiratory system diseases (asthma,
  bronchitis)
• Birth defects and high infant mortality

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• There have been countless doctorates and reports
  written about the catastrophe by academics and
  environmentalists from all corners of the world.

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• Locals have a saying If every specialist coming
  to the Moynaq brought a bucket of water, the sea
  would be filled again.

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• The main problem for the people is access to the
  fresh water, rather than the death of the sea
  itself.

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CNCP Project Water Supply and Demand in
Uzbekistan, 2004-2005

• We have studied situation with drinking water in
  all regions of Uzbekistan and Karakalpakstan
  Republic population having access to piped
  water and using wells as a source of drinking
  water, population using water with exceeded
  hardness, mineralization and turbidity, with
  exceeded concentration of organic contaminants,
  pesticides, metal ions, with bacterial
  contaminations.

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Source Khaydarov et al., Journal of Water
Supply Research and Technology Aqua, VOlume 53
Number 8, December 2004

• We have developed two types of water disinfecting
  devices. The principle of their operation is
  based on the destructive impact of low
  concentrations of metal ions on bacteria in
  water. During the disinfection process, alloyed
  electrodes are placed into the water body and a
  current applied to the electrode causes the
  release of metal ions. The metal ions bind to
  the bacterial cell wall, causing its disruption
  and lyses.

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This portable water-disinfecting device
consists of 12 V battery, the constant-current
generator and electrodes with the special alloy
composition.
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The second device was designed to be attached at
the nozzles of manual water pumps that people use
to extract ground water for potable purposes.
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In Aral Sea region (Uzbekistan) water
disinfecting devices that were based on the
developed method were installed on several
hundreds manual water pumps,
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Children pumping treated water
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Water treatment in Ayazkala (supported by
UNESCO), 2005
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Our solar desalination system
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Our water treatment devices in Ayazkala of Aral
Sea Region use solar cells as an energy source