Neutrinos in Astrophysics

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Neutrinos in Astrophysics Cosmology ? Links
between VERY SMALL VERY BIG
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Thermal history

• 10-43 s / 1019 GeV GUT ? Ultra-relativistic
  part. domination r ? T4
• 10-35 s / 1015 GeV Inflation ? GUT symmetry
  broken
• 10-10 s / 102 GeV EW symmetry breaking
• 10-5 s / 300 MeV Quarks ? Hadrons
• 1 s / 1 MeV Statistical equilibrium b/w
  particles breaks
• 1 mn / 0.3 MeV Nucleosynthesis starts
• in a few hours, hadrons ? 24 H, 76 He
• 104 yrs / 105 K (non-relativistic) matter
  domination r ? T3
• 105 yrs / 4000 K Recombination, Universe
  becomes transparent
• Cant see further back!
• 109 yrs / 10 K Star and galaxy formation, SN ?
  heavy elements
• 1010 yrs / 3 K Today!

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neutrino masses and cosmology
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Origin of elements
formed in
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Abundances
Observational concordance
Agreement of abundances over 10 orders of
magnitude ? Major success of Big-Bang
h
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BBN and neutrinos
H ? Nn 1/2 T2 (remember?)
so Nn ? ? H ? ? sooner freeze-out ? n/p ? ? He4 ?
upper limit on He4
Nn 3
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Amount of neutrinos affects structure formation
in the Universe, as
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Energy spectrum
Satellites
Balloons
Ground detectors
LEP
LHC
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Structure in cosmic ray spectrum
dN dE
E-a
above 10 GeV
Source acceleration 2.0 2.2
Propagation 0.6
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Neutrinos as Messengers
Photons absorbed (GZK)
Neutrons t 15 mn dmax10 kpc (E1018 eV)
Protons absorbed (GZK) deviated (Elt1018 eV)
Neutrinos no charge, no interaction with
matter nor radiation
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High energy sources

• High energy emission (g-ray)
• self-compton (electro-magnetic) ?
• p0 decay (hadronic) ?

High energy n sources !
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Optical CherenkovNeutrino Telescope
Projects Gaols detect astrophys. n at 1012-1015
eV
ANTARES La-Seyne-sur-Mer, France
BAIKAL Russia
DUMAND Hawaii (cancelled 1995)
NEMO Catania, Italy
NESTOR Pylos, Greece
AMANDA, South Pole, Antarctica
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IceCube km3 n Telescope
? To detect high energy (1012-1015 eV) ns
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IceCube 1015 eV ntN event (sim.) Double Bang
Event
AMANDA upward-going m event
t
Decay length O(100 m) at 1015 eV
?t
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Radio Chenrenkov Detectors for gt 1015 eV
neutrinos target- Moon, Antartic Ice, Salt mine

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En gt 1015 eV using surface of Earth as target
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En gt 1019 eV Detection of Cherenkov/florescence
light from space
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Supernovae Neutrinos
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