Fetal Period

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Development of the Fetus

• Fetal period
• Crown-rump length (CRL, sitting height )
• Crown-heel length (CHL, standing height )

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Monthly changes

• Growth of head
• At the beginning of the 3rd month
• By the beginning of the 5th month
• At birth

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Monthly changes

• During the 3 rd month
• Face
• Eyes
• Ears
• Limbs
• Primary ossification centers
• External genitalia
• Intestinal loops
• Muscular activity

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Monthly changes

• During the 4 th 5 th months
• The length of fetus
• The weight of fetus
• Lanugo hair
• Movements of fetus

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Monthly changes

• During the 6 th month
• Skin
• A fetus born early in the 6th month

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Monthly changes

• During the last 2 months
• Contours
• Vernix caseosa
• At the end of the 9 th month
• CRL
• CHL
• Weight
• Sexual characteristics
• Testis

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Time of birth

• Length of pregnancy
• The day of delivery is not always easy to
  determine.
• ?
• ?
• ?

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Time of birth

• Naegeles rule
• Month 9 (or - 3) Day 7 from the 1st day of
  LNMP
• Most fetuses are born within 10 to 14 days of the
  calculated delivery date.
• Premature postmature
• By combining data on the onset of the last
  menstrual period with fetal length, weight,
  other morphological characteristics typical for a
  given month of development, a reasonable estimate
  of the age of fetus can be formulated.

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Time of birth

• Ultrasound
• CRL during the 7th to 14th weeks
• Biparietal diameter (BPD), head abdominal
  circumference, femur length in the 16th to 30th
  weeks
• ? An accurate determination of fetal size age
  is important for managing pregnancy, especially
  if the mother has a small pelvis or the baby has
  a birth defect.