The American Revolution

1
American History
Chapter 6 The American Revolution
2
American History
Section I The Early Years
3
Objectives

• The advantages and disadvantages for the
  colonist and British
• Understand why some Americans supported the
  British
• Explain how the Battle of Saratoga marked a
  turning point in the war

Section I The Early Years
4
Tale of the Tape

• Colonists
• Short fight win a couple of battles and
  Britain will go home
• Home field
• Freedom / their land (nation)
• leadership (GW)

• British
• Crush them and break their spirit
• Strong Navy
• Trained and experienced Army

Advantages
Section I The Early Years
5
Tale of the Tape

• Colonists
• No regular Army
• No dedicated Navy
• Supplies
• Limited Experience
• Militia fight for short periods then go home

• British
• Distance
• Mercenaries (Hessians)

Disadvantages
Section I The Early Years
6
Tale of the Tape

• Colonists
• 2.5 million
• Unassembled Population

• British
• 8.5 million country population
• Hessians
• Slave
• Loyalist

Population
Patriots
Loyalist (20 to 30)
Neutral
Slaves The promise of freedom
Section I The Early Years
7
American Population
Loyalists Behavior
Loyalist in Southern Colonies
Which Army was closer
Anglican Church
Employment
Chaos without Britains rule
Section I The Early Years
8
Constructing the Continental Army
Continental Army
Liberty freedom
Slaves
States Recruits and Finances
Women
Terms of Enlistments (1, 3 or term)
Training and deployablity
1 War or 13 Wars
Section I The Early Years
9
Battles

• 1,200 men
• Limited supplies
• Determination

• 2,200 men
• Experience

Bunker Hill Small victory

• Britain send 32,000 regulars

• Washington fewer than 20,000 soldiers

Battle of Long Island Decisive victory

• Outnumbered
• Tactically outmatched
• Nathan Hale

• Experience
• Near ports possibly Navy

I regret I only have but one life to lose for
my country
Winter will crush our enemies
Section I The Early Years
10
Winter or War

• Washington
• Surprise
• Captured 900 Hessians

• Resting for winter
• Lord Cornwallis

Trenton and Princeton
Section I The Early Years
11
Battle for Trenton
Section I The Early Years
12
Battle for Princeton
Section I The Early Years
13
Britains Grand Plan

• General John Burgoyne moves and attacks southward
  with 8,000 troops

1
2

• LTC Barry St. Leger moves and attacks eastward

3

• General Howe moves north from New York

Section I The Early Years
14
Britains Grand Plan

• The divided the New England Colonies from the
  Middle Colonies

1
2
3
Section I The Early Years
15
Britain Advances

• General Howe moves from New York to Philadelphia
  to attack the Continental Congress

1
2
3
Section I The Early Years
16
Britain Advances

• Benedict Arnold attacks and defeats Leger at Fort
  Stanwix
• General Burgoyne and his fancy gear moved slowed,
  then captures Fort Ticonderoga
• Green Mountain boys defeated Burgoyne and caused
  him to retreat to Saratoga

1
B
C
2
A
Section I The Early Years
17
Colonist Attacks

• General Horatio Gates blocked and defeat Burgoyne
  at Saratoga
• General Howe resigns and General Henry Clinton

1
D
2
A
Section I The Early Years
18
Britains Grand Plan
Section I The Early Years
19
Key Peoples

• Colonist
• Margaret Corbin
• Molly Pitcher
• Deborah Sampson
• Nathan Hale
• Lemuel Hayes and Peter Salem
• George Washington
• Gen Horatio Gates

• British
• Gen William Howe
• Lord Charles Cornwallis
• Gen John Burgoyne
• LTC Barry St. Leger
• Gen Henry Clinton

Section I The Early Years
20
American History
Section II The War Continues
21
Objectives

• The advantages and disadvantages for the
  colonist and British
• Understand why some Americans supported the
  British
• Explain how the Battle of Saratoga marked a
  turning point in the war

Section II The War Continues
22
The Colonial Benefits of Saratoga
Moral and Confidence
Colonial Victory At Saratoga

• France
• Money
• Troops
• Equipment

• Spain
• America or hatred
• Two (2) fronts

France Declares War
Britain alone in the World
Section II The War Continues
23
Battlefield America
Spains ATK
Section II The War Continues
24
Valley Forge

• Lack of supplies
• Food
• Clothing
• Shelter
• Desertion or resignation
• Brought the team together (hardship)
• British living it up in Philadelphia

Section II The War Continues
25
Foreign Aid
Continental Army
Spain Juan de Miralles Financial aid
France Lafayette an aid and leader of one of
Washington's Armies
Germany Von Steuben Trainer at Valley Forge
Poland
Section II The War Continues
26
The Price of War
Military
Section II The War Continues
27
The Price of War
Military
Taxes
Section II The War Continues
28
The Price of War
Military
Taxes
Paper Money
Section II The War Continues
29
The Price of War
Foreign Aid
Taxes
Military
Paper Money
Section II The War Continues
30
The Price of War
What is the Potential Problem
Foreign Aid
Taxes
Military
Paper Money
Section II The War Continues
31
The Price of War
Debt
Section II The War Continues
32
Transition of Responsibility at Home
Duties at home or in the Business
Education knowledge is power
Abigail Adams Liberty for women too
Section II The War Continues
33
A Shrinking Bunch Loyalist

• Fled
• England
• Canada
• Florida
• West

Spies
Violence Killed or harmed
Section II The War Continues
34
Independence and Freedom for Who
Pacifists
Religious freedom
Governmental Representation
Capitalism
Land owners
White War or American War
Section II The War Continues
35
Independence and Freedom for Who
Pacifists
Religious freedom
Governmental Representation
Capitalism
Land owners
White War or American War
Patriots
Loyalist
Section II The War Continues
36
Independence and Freedom for Who
Pacifists
Religious freedom
Governmental Representation
Capitalism
Land owners
White War or American War
Manufacturing / trade
Plantations
Section II The War Continues
37
Independence and Freedom for Who
Pacifists
Religious freedom
Governmental Representation
Capitalism
Land owners
White War or American War
Charter, Proprietary, Royal
Royal
Section II The War Continues
38
Independence and Freedom for Who
Pacifists
Religious freedom
Governmental Representation
Capitalism
Land owners
White War or American War
New England
Southern
Middle
Section II The War Continues
39
American History
Section III The War Moves West and South
40
Linear Battles vs. Guerrilla Warfare
Predictable, no thinking, less planning, more
skill and more discipline
Section III The War Movies West and South
41
Linear Battles vs. Guerrilla Warfare
Unpredictable, creativity, more planning and less
discipline (running around in the woods)
Section III The War Movies West and South
42
Native Americans
Section III The War Movies West and South
43
Native Americans

• British
• Established the proclamation of 1763
• Appeared they would win

• Colonist
• Wanted their land
• Joseph Brant brutal attacks NY and PA (later
  ambassador to the continental congress in hopes
  to gain land for the Mohawk)

Section III The War Movies West and South
44
Native Americans
A
B
B

• British
• Henry Hamilton The Hair Buyer
• Fear tactics
• Colonist scalps

• Colonist
• George Clark Rogers
• Kaskaskia and Vincennes
• Fight the British ever where

45
War on the Sea

• Colonial ships were captured by the British
• Privateers Militia on the sea
• John Paul Jones takes the fight to Britain. I
  have not yet begun to fight

• British blockade prevent the supplies from
  entering America
• Capture and use the American warships against
  them

Section III The War Movies West and South
46
The Current War Situation

• Ohio River Valley Colonist
• beating British in the frontier
• New England Colonies
• Patriots
• Victories Saratoga,Trenton,
• Princeton
• More military leaders
• Continental Congress
• Spain
• Second front
• Creoles, Native Americans, and
• Enslaved Africans
• Opening another port
• Britain
• Blockade
• Needs to make a change
• Where are the French??

B
A
D
C
Section III The War Movies West and South
47
The War moves South

• A new plan
• Move South
• GEN Cornwallis
• Loyalist
• Savanna
• Charles Town Worst defeat in the war for the
  Americans
• Militia attacks that guerrilla warfare

Section III The War Movies West and South
48
Effects of the Southern Battlefields

• Battle of Kings Mountain
• Southerns new attitude for victory and
  independence
• Battles were destroying the plantations
• A change in Strategies
• Gen Nathanael Greene replaces Gen Gates
• Two forces small victories
• Cowpens
• Yorktown
• The final clash

Section III The War Movies West and South
49
American History
Section IV The War is Won
50
The French are Here!

• The French land at Newport
• Comte de Rochambeau
• British shortly after
• The Second French Chesapeake Bay
• Washington changes plans
• The secret march
• Cornwallis Defeated
• By land and sea

Section IV The War is Won
51
The French are Here!
Section IV The War is Won
52
Treaty of Paris

• September 3, 1783
• Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and John Jay
• The treaty
• Peace between the powers Spain, Britain, France
  and The United States
• The United States was reorganized as a nation
• Territory East Coast to the Mississippi valley
• Canada to Spanish Florida
• Fishing rights
• British debts are owed
• Loyalist may return home

Section IV The War is Won
53
Time to Pay

• Newburgh Conspiracy

Section IV The War is Won
54
The War is Won!

• Although the British still held some major
  ports/cities the realization that the war would
  be too costly has set in.

How
Home field
Great distance
Frances blockade
Loss of oversea supplies
Won the country side
Held the cities
Saratoga / Carolinas
Held the cities
Guerrilla Warfare
Foreign aid
Personal freedom
Section IV The War is Won
55
The United States is Born
The World will and has Changed!
Section IV The War is Won
56
The Global Effects
The French revolution Saint Domigue (Haiti)
Section IV The War is Won
57
Major Battles
58
The Continental Army
Section I The Early Years
59
The Big Win at Saratoga