Sustainable Energy Presentation 5

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Sustainable Energy Presentation 5

• Chapter 6 Sustainability Metrics
• Update on World Energy Affairs
• Aaron Guillion Overview of Energy Future

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Chapter 6Energy Systems and Sustainability
Metrics
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Sustainability means
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Challenges
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Energy distribution and Growth
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Sustainability Interactions
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Children scavenging a new community thankful
only 1,199,000.
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Commentary Why Markets Misbehave By Michael J.
Mandel. OCTOBER 22, 2001

• NOBEL PRIZE in ECONOMICS
• The economics of asymmetric information sends a
  simple message Markets behave in odd and
  surprising ways when there is unequal access to
  information. And, under these circumstances,
  there may be room for government intervention or
  regulation to make markets work better.NEW
  VIEWS. The selection of Akerlof, Spence, and
  Stiglitz gives a lift to those economists who
  argue that there's a wide gap between the ideal
  of free markets and the reality of an imperfect
  world. Akerlof and Stiglitz, in particular, have
  in recent years argued against conventional
  policy prescriptions. In his latest paper,
  Akerlof shows that a little inflation can
  actually lower unemployment. And Stiglitz has
  vehemently argued that requiring developing
  countries that want loans to cut wages and raise
  interest rates is bad policy, although it was the
  main prescription of the International Monetary
  Fund for many years.
• Despite these views, all three are card-carrying
  members of the economic Establishment. Stiglitz
  was chief economist of the World Bank and head of
  President Bill Clinton's Council of Economic
  Advisors. Spence, now a partner in a venture
  capital firm, was dean of the Stanford Business
  School for nine years.

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Rafael CorreaJoseph StiglitzGeorge Soros
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Doha yields no gas OPEC Tuesday, April 10, 2007

• As the two-day conference bringing together
  officials from the world's gas producing
  countries in Qatar's capital Doha rounds up
  today, importing countries will be relieved to
  hear that plans to set up an OPEC-style cartel
  for gas have not gone ahead at the 16-member Gas
  Exporting Countries Forum (GECF).
•   Energy ministers from Iran and Qatar denied
  that the world's largest natural gas exporting
  countries intend to band together as a cartel.
  Discussions at the 16-member Gas Producing
  Countries Forum focused on deepening cooperation
  between gas producing countries with an aim
  instead to create a stable world market for the
  fuel, The Associated Press reported.
• "I hate the name cartel. We are not a cartel,"
  the Qatari Minister of Petroleum Abdullah
  al-Attiyah told reporters on the sideline of the
  meeting. "The cartel is not an issue. We're here
  to exchange views on technical issues and on the
  markets," said Iran's Minister of Petroleum Seyed
  Hamaneh.

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Contradictory signals

•  Significantly, Russia flew in a mixed delegation
  of doves and hawks into Doha. On the one hand was
  Industry and Energy Minister Viktor Khristenko,
  who argued against signing any documents
  providing a legal basis for the cartel's
  creation, as this would attract criticism from
  the United States. On the other was the head of
  Gazprom Export (a branch of Russian
  state-controlled giant Gazprom) Alexander
  Medvedev, who argued in favor of the cartel,
  reported Russian business newspaper Kommersant.
•   Gazprom is interested in putting pressure on
  the EU through the CECF's executive bureau, as
  the 27 country bloc plans to liberalize its gas
  markets, diversify its sources, and decrease its
  44 percent dependence on Russian natural gas
• European Union leaders have already discussed
  potential responses aimed at opposing the
  emergence of a producer's group that would
  coordinate output and control prices.
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•   The Gas Exporting Countries Forum brought
  together countries controlling over 70 percent of
  world gas reserves, including Algeria, Brunei,
  Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Norway, Nigeria, Oman,
  Qatar, Russia and Turkmenistan. 

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Apr 12th 2007 BRUSSELS AND MOSCOWFrom The
Economist print editionThe European Union is
belatedly grasping the riskiness of its
dependence on Russian gas, but it is disunited
and short of ideas for how to reduce it
RUSSIA'S president, Vladimir Putin, must be
feeling smug. His strategy of using the country's
vast natural resources to restore the greatness
lost after the break-up of the Soviet Union seems
to be paying off. If power is measured by the
fear instilled in othersas many Russians
believehe is certainly winning.
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Gazprom Chief Defends Company's Image

• 03/04/2008 Moscow News,?13 2008
• On Monday, Gazprom Deputy Chairman Alexander
  Medvedev addressed colleagues from European
  energy companies and journalists on the role of
  Gazprom in European energy security. His speech
  focused on two pressing questions recently
  dominating headlines the way Gazprom sets price
  policies to CIS?countries, and his analysis of
  the long-term impact of increased participation
  by Gazprom in European energy markets. Currently,
  Europe receives 26 percent of gas supplies from
  Gazprom and by 2020, experts expect this
  percentage to grow to 33 percent.

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• Russian President Vladimir Putin (2nd L),
  President-elect Dmitry Medvedev (2nd R) and
  United Russia party leader Boris Gryzlov (L)
  arrive to attend the congress of the ruling
  United Russia party in Moscow, April 15, 2008.
  (Xinhua Photo)

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Chinas Three Gorges DamWhen complete, the dam
will generate 18,200 megawatts of electricity.
The dam will be 185 meters high (607 feet) and
2,310 meters long (7,054 feet). A reservoir 660
kilometers long (400 miles) will be created by
the dam.
The water level behind the dam will rise 90
meters (295 feet), submerging 13 cities, 140
towns and over 1,000 peasant villages. Over 1.3
million people will be relocated.
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Ghana, Bui Dam Project Modified Monday, 19
February 2007

• The Bui Hydro Electric Dam project has been
  redesigned into a dam and a city complex, taking
  on board the fears of environmentalists that the
  dams construction could endanger the ecology of
  Bui.Modification of the project into a Bui Dam
  and City means the Bui area will be upgraded
  into an industrial city for agro-business,
  acqua-culture and tourism.
• The dam will be the nucleus of industrial
  activities and tourism. Infrastructure will be
  provided to make the private sector move in to
  add value to the resources of the area, such as
  fish processing, cassava and general food
  processing.
• Finance and Economic Planning Minister, Kwadwo
  Baah-Wiredu, made this known to the Daily Graphic
  shortly after his return to Accra as the head of
  an 11-member government delegation to China.
• He also brought the good news of a partial deal
  for the construction of the Bui Dam and City.
• The team signed the Engineering, Procurement and
  Construction Agreement, which paves way for the
  purchases of materials, as well as the actual
  construction of the project.
• When completed, the dam, to be constructed on the
  Black Volta at the Bui gorge, can supply about
  400 megawatts of electricity.

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Iran pressured China to pay in ? for Iranian oil
Friday, April 13, 2007 - ?2005 IranMania.com

• LONDON, April 13 (IranMania) - Iran is pressuring
  its oil customers to start paying in currencies
  other than US dollars and many have begun to
  comply, oil executives in Beijing say, Reuters
  reported.
• China's state-run Zhuhai Zhenrong Trading, the
  biggest buyer of Iranian crude worldwide, began
  paying for its oil in euros late last year as
  Tehran moved to diversify its foreign reserves
  away from US dollars.
• The Chinese firm, which buys more than a tenth of
  exports from the world's fourth-largest crude
  producer, has changed the payment currency for
  the bulk of its contract of roughly 240,000
  barrels per day, Beijing sources said.
• "Most of China's purchases have shifted to euro.
  It's not difficult so long as our banks can
  handle that," said a Chinese state oil trader.
• Japanese refiners, who buy about 500,000 barrels
  per day of Iranian crude, nearly a quarter of
  Iran's 2.2-million-barrel daily shipments,
  continue to pay in dollars but are willing to
  shift to yen if asked, industry sources and
  officials said separately.

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Mideast should be free of nuclear weaponsby
Reuters on Sunday, 15 April 2007

• The Middle East, including Iran and Israel,
  should be free from nuclear weapons to ensure the
  future stability of the region, the head of the
  U.N.atomic watchdog said on Sunday.Israel is
  widely believed to have the region's only nuclear
  arsenal - around 200 bombs. The West suspects
  Iran's nuclear programme is a smokescreen for
  atomic weapons ambitions, a charge Tehran
  denies.International Atomic Energy Agency
  (IAEA) chief Mohamed ElBaradei told reporters
  after talks with King Abdullah in Amman, where he
  arrived on Saturday as part of a regional tour,
  it was crucial to rid the region of any atomic
  arsenal.

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Oil Trades Little Changed After Falling on U.S.
Supply Increase By Hector Forster and Gavin
Evans

• April 16, 2007 (Bloomberg) -- Crude oil was
  little changed in New York after declining last
  week as higher stockpiles eased concerns that
  refiners can meet gasoline supply during the peak
  summer driving season.
• Crude oil inventories have risen to a 17-week
  high after refinery maintenance and shutdowns cut
  demand. Valero Energy Corp. restarted two units
  at its fire-damaged McKee plant in Texas,
  according to an April 13 report.
• It's mid-April now so demand is going to rise
  pretty steeply,'' said Tobin Gorey, commodity
  strategist at Commonwealth Bank of Australia Ltd.
  in Sydney. But that's a gasoline issue rather
  than a crude supply issue'' and there's no sign
  the violence in Nigeria will reduce oil exports,
  he said.
• Crude oil for May delivery was at 63.74 a
  barrel, up 11 cents, in after-hours electronic
  trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange at
  1130 a.m. in Singapore.
• The contract, which expires at the end of the
  week, fell 22 cents, or 0.3 percent, to 63.63 on
  April 13, a 1 percent decline for the week. The
  more widely-held June contract was up 2 cents at
  66.35 a barrel today.
• At least 21 people were killed during state
  assembly elections in Nigeria, a week before a
  presidential vote on April 21. The African
  country was the fifth-largest exporter of oil to
  the U.S. last year.
• I still see some upward pressure on prices''
  which may peak next month, said Peter Beutel,
  president of Cameron Hanover Inc., a New Canaan,
  Connecticut, energy consultant. As the
  refineries start to come back we will see much
  greater interest to buy crude to process.''

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Oil, Gasoline Rise to Records After Unexpected
U.S. Supply Drop

• By Mark Shenk, April 16, 2008 (Bloomberg) --
  Crude oil and gasoline rose to records after the
  Energy Department reported unexpected declines in
  U.S. crude inventories and refinery operating
  rates.
• Crude-oil supplies fell 2.36 million barrels to
  313.7 million barrels in the week ended April 11,
  the department said. Refineries operated at 81.4
  percent of capacity, the lowest since October
  2005, when units along the Gulf of Mexico were
  shut because of hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
• Refiners are probably not ordering crude oil
  because they don't need it, said Phil Flynn, a
  senior trader at Alaron Trading Corp. in Chicago.
  This is a time of year when refineries are
  supposed to be focusing on gasoline production,
  but they have no incentive this year because
  demand is anemic and refinery margins are poor.''
  
• Crude oil for May delivery rose 1.01, or 0.9
  percent, to 114.80 a barrel at the 230 p.m.
  close of floor trading on the New York Mercantile
  Exchange. Prices are up 4.2 percent this week and
  81 percent from a year ago. Futures touched a
  record 115.07 a barrel today.
• Lower refinery margins, or crack spreads, reduced
  the incentive of refiners to process oil into
  products, including gasoline and diesel fuel.
• The margin for making a barrel of crude oil into
  one of gasoline was negative on March 17 for the
  first time since February 2005, according to
  closing futures prices. The spread rose as high
  as 7.804 a barrel today compared with more than
  25 a year ago.
• Crude-oil stockpiles were forecast to rise 1.8
  million barrels last week, according to the
  median of responses by 15 analysts surveyed by
  Bloomberg News.