Benchmark Review

1
Benchmark Review
2
Affixes/Root Words

• Prefix Meaning Example
• Mono One Monotone
• Post After Postmortem
• Root Meaning Example
• Vac Empty Vacate
• Nat Born Neonatal
• Suffix Meaning Example
• Ible Able, Can do Incredible
• Ate One who Neonate
• Al Relating to Maternal

3
Revising Sentences

• How can the following sentence be rewritten to
  make it clearer?
• Once a month, with an interesting adult from the
  community, The Blaze publishes an interview.
• Once a month The Blaze publishes an interview
  with an interesting adult from the community.
• From the community once a month, The Blaze
  publishes an interview with an interesting adult.
• The Blaze once a month, with an interesting adult
  from the community, publishes an interview.
• Once a month The Blaze publishes, with an
  interesting adult form the community, an
  interview.
• Answer - A

4
Combining Sentences

• How can the following sentences best be combined
  with out changing their meaning?
• The Sunshine Center serves children in
  kindergarten through fifth grade. Many of these
  children are not fortunate enough to have their
  own books.
• The Sunshine Center serves children and they are
  in kindergarten through fifth grade, and many of
  these children are not fortunate enough to have
  their own books.
• Unfortunately, the Sunshine Center serves
  children in kindergarten through fifth grade and
  they are not enough to have their own books.
• The Sunshine Center serves children in
  kindergarten through fifth grade, many of whom
  are not fortunate enough to have their own books.
• The Sunshine Center serves unfortunate children
  who do not have their own books are in
  kindergarten through fifth grade.
• Answer - C

5
Capitalization

• Capitalize mom and dad only when those titles
  replace names or are used as proper nouns, e.g.,
  My mom told me to go to bed, and I replied, No,
  Mom, I dont want to.
• My (Mom/mom) told me to clean my room.
• I said, (Dad/dad) can I go to the movies
  tonight?

6
Metaphor

• A Metaphor is a figure of speech that makes a
  comparison where one thing is said TO BE another.
• Which sentence is an example of a metaphor?
• Paul was as strong as an ox.
• I opened my back door.
• I found a good book in the library.
• The sun was a light bulb over the deep woods.

7
Setting

• Refers to when (time) and where (place) in which
  the actions occurs.
• Setting can serve to enhance the story by
• Providing backgrounds for the action
• Acting as an antagonist
• Creating an atmosphere or mood
• Revealing character(s)
• Reinforcing themes

8
Conflict

• External Conflict pits a character against
  nature, society, or another character
• Internal Conflict is a conflict between
  opposing forces within a character
• Types of Conflicts
• Individual vs. Individual (protagonist vs.
  antagonist)
• Individual vs. Nature (protagonist vs. a force of
  nature)
• Individual vs. Society (protagonist vs. the laws
  or beliefs of a group)
• Individual vs. Supernatural (protagonist vs. a
  supernatural force)
• Individual vs. Technology (protagonist vs.
  robotic forces with artificial intelligence.)
• Individual vs. Himself (protagonist vs. guilt or
  a moral dilemma)

9
Theme

• The main message expressed through the story.
• It may be a lesson that the author is trying to
  get across to the reader.
• Often expressed in a cliché.

10
Characterization

• Protagonist - the main character in a work of
  literature
• Antagonist the force or person in conflict with
  the main character or protagonist.
• Round - many sided with complex personality
• Flat has a single quality trait.
• Dynamic - many sided personality that undergoes
  changes, for better or worse, by the end of the
  story
• Static - Stereotype, having one or two
  characteristics that never change and are
  emphasized (e.g. brilliant detective)

11
Internal Text Structure

• Cause and Effect - The writer explains the reason
  for an event of phenomenon.
• Comparison/contrast - The writer discusses the
  similarities and differences of two ideas of
  things
• Enumeration or listing - The writer presents
  information in a structure that resembles and
  outline. It is often bulleted or numbered.
• Sequential or chronological - The writer presents
  a series of events in the order they happened.
• Concept/definition - The writer introduces an
  idea and explains what it is.
• Generalization - The writer explains phenomenon
  and processes by listing examples and unique
  characteristics.
• Process - The writer tells the procedure or
  process for how something is done or created.

12
Fact vs. Opinion

• Distinguish between a fact, which can be
  verified, and an opinion, which cannot.

13
Reading Comprehension

• Best summary
• Drawing conclusions and making predictions ex)
  the reader can conclude which of the following
  which of the following best supports
• Questions answered in the text. ex) which
  questions was answered in paragraph 12 which
  questions was not answered in paragraph 5