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Just a few days . . . Ebola, Zaire, 1976 Joel
Breman, MD, DTPH Fogarty International
Center National Institutes of Health 50th
Anniversary Celebration Epidemic Intelligence
Service Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention Atlanta, April 22, 2001
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International Commission for the Investigation
and Control of Ebola Hemorrhagic
Fever Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire),
1976-77
Collaborators
Belgium Democratic Republic of the Congo
(Zaire) Canada France South Africa United
States World Health Organization
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International Commission for the Investigation
and Control of EHF 1976-77 Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention Participation
Task Force Backup, Atlanta John Bryan, EIS
1968 Lyle Conrad, EIS 1965 Bill Foege, EIS
1971 Larry Schonberger, EIS 1971 David Sencer,
EIS 1975 Phil Brachman, EIS 1954
In DR Congo (Zaire) Joel Breman, EIS 1976 Stan
Foster, EIS, 1962 David Heymann, EIS 1976 Karl
Johnson Joe McCormick, EIS 1973 Michael White,
EIS 1975
Laboratory, CDC Luanne Elliot Jim Lange Fred
Murphy Pat Webb Herta Wulff
In Sudan Don Francis, EIS 1971
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Ebola, Zaire, 1976 Spectrum of Emotion and
Activity
Highest
Less high
Anxiety
Confidence (false)
Uncertainty
Anger
Emotion
Celebration
Terror
Sorrow
Understanding
Comfort (false)
Fear
People fleeing
Active case detection
Activity
Patient management
Rapid Surveillance
Chaos
Plasmapheresis
Commission formed
Field Investigations
Isolation and quarantine
Investigations/quick
Information Sharing
Low
High
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Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, DR Congo (Zaire), 1976
Team Members, Antwerp, 1996
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Number of Cases of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in the
Equator Region, by Day of Onset and Probable Type
of Transmission, 1976
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Probable Type of Transmission
Person to Person Both Syringe
Cases
1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 13-15 16-18
19-21 22-24 25-27 28-30
1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 13-15
16-18 19-21 22-24 25-27 28-30
September
October
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Ebola Virus, Zaire, 1976
Unfixed diagnostic specimen from Vero cell
passage sodium phosphotungstate x 90,000
(Fred Murphy)
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Laboratory in Yambuku, DR Congo (Zaire), 1976
Guido van der Groen
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Epidemiologists in Yambuku, DR Congo (Zaire), 1976
Peace Corps Volunteer, Joel Breman, Peter Piot,
Pierre Sureau
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Convalescent EHF Patient Undergoing
Plasmapheresis, Yambuku, DR Congo (Zaire), 1976
Karl Johnson
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Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Team in Yambuku, DR Congo
(Zaire), 1976
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Evacuation of EHF Commission Member from Yambuku,
DR Congo (Zaire), to Johannesburg, November 1976
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Ebola Virus Marburg Virus Both
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Marburg and Ebola Virus Outbreaks from
1967-2000 The Filoviral Triangle
Ebola Virus Marburg virus Both
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Locations of Outbreaks of Ebola Hemorrhagic
Fever, Sudan and DR Congo (Zaire), 1976, and DR
Congo (Zaire), 1995
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Time of Onset of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever by
Transmission Type (after initial contact with
source) DR Congo (Zaire), 1976
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Flying along the Zaire River to Yambuku, DR Congo
(Zaire), October 1976
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Villages on the Bumba to Yambuku Road, DR Congo
(Zaire), October 1976
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Patient with Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Bumba Zone,
Equateur Province, DR Congo (Zaire), October 1976
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Patient with Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Bumba Zone,
Equateur Province, DR Congo (Zaire), October 1976