SOCIOLOGY

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SOCIOLOGY

• As adapted from Sociology, The Core by Michael
  Hughes

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Chapter 13Social Change

• A World of Change
• Collective Behavior
• Social Movements
• Looking to the Future

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• Social Change
• refers to fundamental alterations in the
  patterns of culture, structure, and social
  behavior over time

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Social Change

• Sources of social change
• Physical environment
• Population
• Group conflict
• Internal values and norms

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Social Change

• Sources of social change (continued)
• Innovation
• Discovery
• Invention
• Diffusion of cultural traits
• Mass Media

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Social Change

• Evolutionary Perspective
• Unilinear
• Mutlilinear
• Cyclical Perspective

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Social Change

• Functionalist perspective
• Equilibrium
• Cultural lag
• Conflict perspective
• Tensions between competing groups

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Social Change

• Information Revolution
• Social impact
• Automation of workplace activities
• Concentration of power
• Relationship alterations
• Privacy and confidentiality
• Crime
• Digital divide

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Social Change

• Social Change in Developing Nations
• Modernization
• World system

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Collective Behavior

• Collective behavior
• ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that
  develop among a large number of people that are
  relatively spontaneous and unstructured

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Collective Behavior

• Varieties of collective behavior
• Rumors
• Fashions, fads, crazes
• Mass hysteria
• Panic
• Crowds

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Collective Behavior

• Types of Crowds
• Casual
• Conventional
• Expressive
• Acting

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Collective Behavior

• Shared characteristics of crowds
• Suggestibility
• Deindividualization
• Invulnerability

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Collective Behavior

• Preconditions for collective behavior
• 6 sequential steps (Neil Smelser)
• Structural conduciveness
• Structural strain
• Growth of a generalized belief
• Precipitating factors
• Mobilization of participants to action
• Critical mass
• Operation of social control

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Collective Behavior

• Explanations of crowd behavior
• Contagion theory
• Convergence theory
• Emergent-norm theory

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Social Movement

• Social movement
• a persistent and organized effort on the part of
  a relatively large number of people to bring
  about or resist change

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Social Movement

• Causes of social change
• Deprivation
• Relative deprivation
• Resource mobilization

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Social Movement

• Ideology
• a set of ideas that provides individuals with
  conceptions of
• purposes of a social movement
• rationale for the movements existence
• an indictment of existing conditions
• design for action

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Social Movement

• Types of Social Movements
• Revolutionary
• Reform
• Resistance
• Expressive

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Social Movement

• Social revolution
• involves the overthrow of a societys state and
  class structures and the fashioning of new social
  arrangements

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Social Movement

• Terrorism
• Typically a media event
• Suicide terrorists
• Motivation

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Looking to the Future

• Futurists
• Crisis forecasting