Sociology

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Sociology
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Notable Sociologists

• Auguste Comte
• He is seen as the father of Sociology
• He coined the term Sociology in reference to the
  new science of society

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Terms

• Sociology
• Behavioral science that studies human society and
  social behavior.
• Society
• Group of mutually interdependent people who have
  organized in such a way as to share a common
  culture and feeling of unity
• Social interaction
• How people relate to one another and influence
  each others behavior

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Terms

• Culture
• The beliefs, values, behavior, and material
  objects that constitute a peoples' way of life
• Socialization
• Lifelong social experience by which individuals
  develop their human potential and learn patterns
  of their culture
• Personality
• A persons fairly consistent patterns of
  thinking, feeling, and behaving
• Socialization has a strong influence on ones
  personality

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Five Components of Culture

• Physical objects Artifacts
• Material culture
• Automobiles, clothing, books, buildings, cooking
  utensils and computers
• Non-material culture
• Language, ideas, beliefs, rules, skills, family
  patterns, work practices, and political and
  economic systems

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Five Components of Culture

• Symbols
• Anything that stands for something else.

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Five Components of Culture

• Language
• The organization of written and spoken symbols
  into a standardized system
• The way a society expresses ideas and communicate
  with each other
• Includes non-verbal symbols
• Values
• Shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right
  or wrong, desirable or undesirable

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Five Components of Culture

• Norms
• Shared rules of conduct that tell people how to
  act in specific situations
• Folkways norms that do not have great moral
  significance attached to them
• Informal ways of doing things
• Folkways do not endanger the society
• Mores norms that have great moral significance
  attached to them
• Violation of mores endangers the society
• Laws written rules of conduct

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Factors that Affect Personality

• Is personality learned or are you born with it?
• There are three main factors that affect the
  development of our personality
• Nature vs. Nurture
• Birth order
• Parental characteristics education, religion,
  economic status, cultural heritage occupation
• The cultural environment U.S. competitiveness,
  assertive, individualism, male vs. female, etc.

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Agents of Socialization

• Family
• Most important socializing agent, especially up
  to age 5 or 6
• Family based socialization is not all
  intentional. (environment is important)
• Research shows attention is very important
• Examples physical contact, verbal, nonverbal
• School
• Major socializing agent for ages 6-13
• Hidden curriculum activities that teach
  students key cultural values
• Example achievement, success, moral values

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Agents of Socialization

• Peers
• Major socializing agent for ages 13-20
• This is a time of breaking away from direct adult
  supervision.
• Peers develop social relationships on their own
• Develop a sense of identity apart from their
  families
• During this time
• Peers may guide short-term goals such as dress
  and music
• Parents still maintain greater influence over
  long-term goals such as educational aspirations

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Agents of Socialization

• Mass Media
• Impersonal communications directed at large
  audiences.
• Examples
• TV average household has a television on for 7
  hours a day.
• Music
• Books content analysis
• Magazines
• Radio DJs, talk show hosts