Anxiety and Mood Disorders

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Anxiety and Mood Disorders
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Anxiety Disorders
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Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders

• Anxiety Vague feeling of apprehension or
  nervousness
• Anxiety disorder where anxiety begins to take
  control and dominate a persons life

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Types of Anxiety Disorders

• Anxiety disorders are divided into
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Panic Disorder
• Phobia
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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Anxiety Disorders
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Anxiety DisordersGeneralized Anxiety Disorder
and Panic Disorder
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• An anxiety disorder characterized by disruptive
  levels of persistent, unexplained feelings of
  apprehension and tenseness

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Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety

• Must have at least three of the following
• Restlessness
• Feeling on edge
• Difficulty concentrating/mind going blank
• Irritability
• Muscle Tension
• Sleep Disturbance

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Panic Disorder

• An anxiety disorder characterized by sudden bouts
  of intense, unexplained anxiety
• Often associated with physical symptoms like
  choking sensations or shortness of breath
• Panic attacks may happen several times a day

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Anxiety DisordersPhobia
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Phobia

• An anxiety disorder characterized by disruptive,
  irrational fears of specific objects or
  situations
• The fear must be both irrational and disruptive.

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Social Phobia

• Phobias which produce fear in social situations
• Fear of speaking in public

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Agoraphobia

• Fear of situations the person views as difficult
  to escape from
• Fear of leaving ones home or room in the house

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Anxiety DisordersObsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted,
  repetitive thoughts and actions
• Obsessions repetitive thoughts
• Compulsions repetitive actions
• The obsessions/compulsions begin to take control
  of the persons life.

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Anxiety DisordersPosttraumatic Stress Disorder
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

• An anxiety disorder characterized by reliving a
  severely upsetting event in unwanted recurring
  memories (flashbacks) and dreams

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Anxiety DisordersCauses of Anxiety Disorders
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Biological Factors

• Hereditary factors may result in a predisposition
  for developing anxiety disorders
• Brain functions appear to be different in an
  anxiety disorder patient
• Evolutionary factors may lead to anxiety
  disorders.

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The Brain and OCD
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Learning Factors

• Through classical conditioning people may
  associate fear with an object.
• Observational learning--watching another
  experiencing fearfulness--may result in
  developing fear.
• Fear of an object may be reinforced when by
  avoiding the feared objects.

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Mood Disorders
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Mood Disorders

• Classification of disorders where there is a
  disturbance in the persons emotions
• Major types of mood disorders include
• Major Depressive Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder
• Dysthymic Disorder

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Mood Disorders
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Mania

• Period of abnormally high emotion and activity

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Depression

• Extended period of feeling sad, listless, and
  drained of energy

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Mood DisordersMajor Depressive Disorder
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Major Depressive Disorder

• A mood disorder in which a person, for no
  apparent reason, experiences at least two weeks
  of
• depressed moods,
• diminished interest in activities, and
• other symptoms, such as feelings of worthlessness

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Mood DisordersBipolar Disorder
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Bipolar Disorder

• A mood disorder in which the person alternates
  between the hopelessness of depression and the
  overexcited and unreasonably optimistic state of
  mania
• Formerly called manic-depressive disorder
• Many times will follow a cyclical pattern

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Mood DisordersCauses of Mood Disorders
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Biological Factors

• Mood disorders have a hereditary nature to them.
• Depressed individuals tend to have depressed
  brains.
• PET scans indicate less activity during periods
  of depression.

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Bipolar Disorder PET Scans
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Social-Cognitive Factors

• Depression may be a variation of learned
  helplessness.
• Depressed individuals attribute events using the
  following characteristics
• Stable the bad situation will last for a long
  time
• Internal they are at fault
• Global all of life is bad

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Attribution and Depression
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Determination of Mood
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The End