Nonverbal

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Interpersonal Non-Verbal
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What does the textbook mean when it says

• Most nonverbal behavior is not codified. . .
• a particular behavior can have many meanings. . .
• depending on the users
• personality,
• family influences,
• culture,
• the context of the communication,
• or, the relationship of the nonverbal behavior
  to the verbal message. Pg. 115

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Verbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication

• Actions, vocal qualities, and activities that
  typically accompany a verbal message

• The words we use

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65Social Meaning is nonverbal behavior

(Burgoon, Buller,, Woodall, 1989, p.
155)
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• 93
• of emotional meaning of messages is nonverbal.
• Mehrabian (1972)

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Show Off Time
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Anger
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Disgust
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Embarrassment
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Elation
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Dispair
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Contentment
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Loneliness
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The Nature of Nonverbal Communication

• Affective
• Ambiguous
• Continuous
• Multi-channeled

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Group Activity
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Functions of Nonverbal Communication

• Substitute
• Complement
• Contradict

Verbal Communication
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• When nonverbal and verbal contradict, we tend
  to accept the nonverbal inference.

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Nonverbal Communication

• Facial expression and eye contact
• Kinesics (body motion)
• Proxemics and personal space
• Artifacts
• Touch (haptics)
• Paralanguage
• Chronemics (time)
• Physical characteristics

Everything except the words!
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Gender related nonverbal rules

• Men women have different nonverbal rules.
• What can men do that women can not? (nonverbally)
• What can women do that men can not? (nonverbally)

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Mrs. Doubtfire
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Uses of Body Motion

1. Emblems
2. Illustrators
3. Affect display
4. Regulators
5. Adaptors
6. Courtship readiness cues
7. Preening behavior
8. Positional cues
9. Actions of appeal or invitation

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Emblems

• Nonverbal gestures that take the place of a word
  or phrase

Microsoft Photo
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Illustrators
Nonverbal gestures that complement what a speaker
is saying
Microsoft Photo
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Affect Displays

• Facial expressions and gestures that augment the
  verbal expression of feelings

Microsoft Photo
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Regulators
Facial expressions or gestures that are used to
control or regulate the flow of a conversation
Microsoft Photo
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Adaptors

• Body motions that are used to relieve tension

Microsoft Photo
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Is everyone awake?
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5 Students have used up their 3 absences!
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Smile

• Smiling is one of a very limited number of
  pancultural nonverbal behaviors.
• Intensify
• Deintensify
• Neutralize
• Masking.

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Facial Expressions

• Intensify exaggerate our facial expressions to
  fit the situation, i.e. smiling at a wedding.
• Deintensify when we want to control or subdue
  an expression, when you found out you got into
  law school and your friend did not.
• Neutralize avoid showing any facial expressions
  to appear neutral, i.e. judges at a gymnastic
  event.
• Masking when you want to conceal our real
  emotion, i.e. when your significant other buys
  something and you want to conceal your anger by
  looking excited.

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Activity
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Directions Identify three examples of
situations where you employed each of these
facial management techniques when controlling
your facial expressions.
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Mask
Deintensify
Neutralize
Masking
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Directions Identify two examples of situations
where you employed each of these facial
management techniques when controlling your
facial expressions.
Example 1 Example 2
Masking
Intensify
Neutralize
Deintensify
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Facial expression is the strongest nonverbal
communicator
Of the face the eye communicates more than any
other feature. Our faces are the windows to the
world.
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Eye Contact

• The majority of people in the United States and
  other Western cultures expect people to look them
  in the eye when communicating.

Microsoft Photo
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Eye Contact

• Japanese direct their gaze to a position around
  the Adams apple.
• Chinese, Indonesians, and Mexicans lower their
  eyes as a sign of deference.
• Arabs look intently into others eyes showing
  keen interest.

Microsoft Photo
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Paralanguage
Vocal communication minus the words

• Pitch
• Volume
• Rate
• Quality

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Touch

• Touching and being touched are essential to a
  healthy life
• Touch can communicate power, empathy,
  understanding

Microsoft Photo
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Self-Presentation

• What message do you wish to send with your choice
  of clothing and personal grooming?

Microsoft Photo
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Dress Artifacts

• How do you dress?
• Comfort protection
• Modesty
• Cultural Display
• What artifacts do you display?

Microsoft Photo
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Time

• How do we manage and react to others management
  of time
• duration
• activity
• punctuality

Microsoft Photo
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Polychronic and monochronic variations of time
exist within cultures. Should we ask
polychronics to conform in the workplace?
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Smell

• Our sense of smell is very personal.
• Our sense of smell often dictates how we perceive
  others from different cultures.
• Variations
• Deodorants
• Soaps
• Perfumes
• Body lotions

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Proxemics - how we use the space around us - our
environment

• Intimate distance, up to 18, is appropriate for
  private conversations between close friends.
• Personal distance, from 18- 4, is the space in
  which casual conversation occurs.
• Social distance, from 4 12, is where
  impersonal business such as job interviews is
  conducted.
• Public distance is anything more than 12

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Personal Space at Work

• Your office
• Your desk
• A table in the cafeteria that you sit at
  regularly

Microsoft Photo
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Color Influences Communication
Red excites and stimulates
Yellow cheers and elevates moods
Blue comforts and soothes
In some cultures black suggests mourning
In some cultures white suggests purity
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Nonverbal Signals
Vary from culture to culture
Microsoft Photo
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What does this symbol mean to you?

• In the United States it is a symbol for good job
• In Germany the number one
• In Japan the number five
• In Ghana an insult
• In Malaysia the thumb is used to point rather
  than a finger

-Atlantic Committee for the Olympic Games
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To improve our communication . . .
We need to monitor our own nonverbal communication
and exercise care in interpreting that of
others.
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Nonverbal Expectancy Violation Theory

• Independently read pages 125-6, Nonverbal
  Expectancy Violation Theory. Consider its
  implications.