KE WA

1
Greenhouse Gas (GHG)ManagementAn
introduction Tim Holmes, P.E.
Kenwood Energy P.O.Box 692 Kenwood, CA
95459 [phone] www.kenwoodenergy.com
2
Green House Gases
A diagram to help explain the process of global
warming and how greenhouse gases create the
"greenhouse effect."
Main gases are carbon dioxide (CO2) methane
(NH4) nitrous oxide CFCs
3
Global Warming Potential
The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane is
21 while the GWP of CO2 is 1. This means that one
ton of methane has 21 times the potential effect
as does CO2.
4
Human Effect

• Fossil Fuels - for energy and transportation,
  includes coal, natural gas, propane, gasoline,
  diesel, etc.
• GHGs are released when burned
• Carbon trapped for 250 million years in the form
  of coal, oil etc.
• Land Use Practices
• Deforestation, agriculture landfills
• Production of nitrogen based fertilizers
• Leaking air conditioners and refrigerators

5
Global Warming Effect

• Warmer oceans, melting polar ice-caps glaciers
• an increase in storm intensity
• rising sea levels
• An increase in heat waves
• heatstroke, heart attacks and other ailments
  aggravated by the heat
• Other health concerns
• malaria and dengue fever spreading

6
The Solution?
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Assembly Bill - 32

• AB 32 institutes a mandatory limit (cap) on GHG
  pollution
• Reduce GHG emissions in California to 1990 levels
  by the year 2020, or 25 below forecasted levels.

8
AB 32 Goals

• Societal benefits
• Minimize administrative burden
• Minimize leakage
• Consider all gases
• Emergency provisions to adjust the applicable
  deadlines if needed

• Design regulations
• Ensure equity across economic classes
• Ensure early implementers are treated fairly
• Work with Federal State air quality
• Consider cost effectiveness burden

9
AB 32 Timeline

• By July 1, 2007 - form Environmental Justice and
  Economic Technology Advancement advisory
  committees
• By July 1, 2007 - adopt early action measures
  that can be adopted and implemented before
  January 1, 2010
• By Jan 1, 2008 - adopt regulations for mandatory
  GHG emissions reporting
• Jan 1, 2009 - adopt plan indicating how emission
  reductions will be achieved via regulations,
  market mechanisms, etc.
• During 2009 - draft rule language to implement
  its plan and hold public workshops
• During 2010 conduct series of rule-makings, adopt
  GHG regulations and market mechanisms
• Jan 1, 2011 - complete major rules and market
  mechanisms
• Jan 1, 2012 - GHG rules and market mechanisms
  adopted - legally enforceable
• Dec 31, 2020 - Deadline for achieving 2020 GHG
  cap
• For more information - www.arb.ca.gov/cc/cc.htm

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Potential AB 32 Action Plan Costs

• Registry fees (California Action Registry) ?
• Baseline Certification process 3,500 to 15,000
  due to complexity
• Engineering services 5k to 50k
• Internal costs

11
Baseline Effort

• Scope
• Buildings
• Fleet
• Commute
• Baseline Year
• Available records
• Baseline Year may affect the Plans difficulty
• GHG Contributors
• Building Electric Use Natural Gas
• Commute Gasoline
• Fleet Gasoline and Diesel
• Baseline Trends
• Construction of new facilities
• Population trends
• Commuting Trends

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Inventory
Sample
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Baseline and Target
Sheriff Facility Added
JJC Center Started
Deregulated Green Electric Purchase
14
Climate Action Plan Steps

• Identify GHG Reduction Actions
• Energy Efficiency
• Self generation
• Alternative fuels - Fleet
• Commute
• Create Action Plan
• Completed Projects
• Establish minimum cost effectiveness
• Plan Options
• Implementation
• Methodology
• In-house
• Energy Service Contract
• Be an Early Implementer for cost effective
  projects
• Measure and Verify

15
Sonoma County Example

• Sample Projects
• Solar Electricity - Photovoltaics (PV)
• Central Mechanical Plant Energy Efficiency
• Landfill Gas Direct Access Electricity
• Flexible Fuels
• Efficient Fleet Vehicles
• Comprehensive Commute Program
• Climate Protection Action Plans
• Plan A - Heavy PV reliance
• Plan B - Includes Commuter Program
• Sonoma Plan - Plan B
• A lower Return on Investment
• Commute contribute 38 of GHG emissions
• Napa Considerations
• Some Sonoma Actions wont be available to Napa
• Implementation of the Plan may result in net cost
  to County

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Accomplishments to Date

• JJC Photovoltaic
• Sheriff Facility Photovoltaic
• Administration Building Lighting and HVAC
• Jail Lighting
• 650 Imperial Way Heating Ventilation and Air
  Conditioning

17
PV Systems
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Energy Efficiency

• Only nine months of energy data
• Project has been fully complete for about 6
  months
• Some Changes in facility use