Quest for Consensus

1
Quest for Consensus
Chapter 27
2
Containment by Alliance

• Western Europe
• NATO
• Latin America
• Rio Pact
• Bilateral Treaties
• South Korea
• Taiwan
• Asia
• SEATO
• CENTO
• Other
• ANZUS

3
Covert Operations

• Iran
• Replace Mohammed Mossadegh with Shah Riza Pahlevi
• Issue was Iranian oil
• Guatemala
• Replace Jocobo Arbenz with Colonel Armas
• Issue was United Fruit Company lands

4
New Look

• Rely on nuclear superiority
• Bombers
• Medium Range Ballistic Missiles
• Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles
• Sea Launched Ballistic Missiles
• Decrease reliance on large armies
• Mutual Assured Destruction
• Counterforce
• Countervalue

5
New Look - What It Meant
6
New Look - Weapons
7
Eisenhower Doctrine

• United States assist nations in Middle East in
  the development of economic strength -
  maintenance of national independence
• Programs of military assistance and cooperation
• Authorize employment of the armed forces against
  overt armed aggression from any nation controlled
  by International Communism.

8
Global Cold War
9
Space Race

• German scientists
• U.S. unsuccessful attempts
• 4 October 1957, Sputnik
• Soviet success - U.S. failures
• ICBM could strike the US
• November 1957 - Sputnik II with a dog.

http//www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik/
10
Public Reaction
11
Public Concerns

• Civil Defense
• Duck and cover

12
Levitt Homes
13
Levittown
14
Levittown
15
Baby Boom
16
Prosperity and ConsumerismTransportation

• 1950 1960
• Commuter Railroads 46 30
• Passenger Rides 277 203
• (millions)
• NY City Auto Commuters 640 866
• (thousands)

17
Prosperity and ConsumerismHousing

• 1950 1960
• U.S. Homeowners 23.6 32.8
• (millions)
• New Housing Starts 1.4 1.3
• (millions)
• Lawn Furniture Sales 53.6 145.2
• (millions of dollars)

18
Prosperity and ConsumerismHome Appliances

• 1950 1960
• Power Mowers Sold 1.0 3.8
• (millions)
• Floor Polishers sold 0.24 1.0
• (millions)
• Automatic Washers Sold 1.7 2.6
• (millions)

19
Prosperity and ConsumerismChildren

• 1950 1960
• Children 5-14 24.3 35.5
• (millions)
• Little Leagues 776 5700
• Girl Scouts and Brownies 1.8 4.0
• (millions)
• Bicycle Production 2.0 3.8
• (millions)

20
Prosperity and ConsumerismLearning

• 1950 1960
• Encyclopedia Sales 72 300
• (millions of dollars)
• Musical Instrument Sales 86 149
• (millions of dollars)
• Juvenile Book Sales 32 88
• (millions of dollars)

http//www.fiftiesweb.com/burma1.htm
21
Legacy of the Fifties
22
Raising Voices

• Legacy
• Reconstruction civil rights
• Constitutional Amendments
• Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896

23
First Steps

• Brown vs. Board of Education - Topeka
• Supreme Court
• Montgomery Bus Boycott
• Rosa Parks
• Montgomery Improvement Assn
• Southern Christian Leadership Conf.
• Little Rock Central High School
• Little Rock Nine

24
Summary

• A Decade of contrasts
• Consumerism and Suburbia
• New Look and the fear
• Beginnings of Civil Rights