The Scoop on Peptides

1
The Scoop on Peptides

• The Scoop on Peptides

Michael Q. Pugliese, B.S. L.E. Circadia by Dr
Pugliese, Inc Reading, Pa
2
(No Transcript)
3
What are Peptides?

• What is a Peptide?

A peptide is a chemical compound composed of
amino acids linked in amide bonds.
4
Here is a simple peptide.
Here is a simple peptide.
Alanine-histidine (makes carnosine)
Now we must join them in a peptide linkage.
5
First, lets look at an amino acid.
Carboxyl
Amine
.
6
Formation of a peptide bond.
7
Peptide Bond
8

9
Polypeptides and Proteins
Two or more amino acids linked together form a
polypeptide
A tetra peptide
10
peptides make proteins
Peptides make proteins.
Amino group
A 38 amino acid chain protein
Carboxyl group
11
How Peptides React with Cells

• Peptides must have a specific receptor on a cell
  to be able to react with the cell.
• They are water soluble and cannot enter the cell.
• Their signal is transmitted to the DNA.

12
Peptide
Peptide receptor
Signal sent to DNA
Signal enter nucleus and reacts with DNA
DNA
Action
13
(No Transcript)
14
Making Fake Peptides

• If you tie up a peptide receptor you prevent the
  real peptide from binding to it.
• This way you can stop certain biological
  function.
• Example here is how we stop melanin production.

15
Stopping MSH

• MSH is melanin stimulating hormone, a peptide.

The fake peptide blocks the receptor. The
melanocyte can not be stimulated to make melanin
Fake MSH Peptide
Melanocyte
Real MSH Peptide
Nucleus
MSH Receptor
16
Some Common Peptide Hormones

• Anterior Pituitary (adenohypophysis)
• Growth Hormone (GH)
• Thyrotropin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Corticotropin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Prolactin

17
..and a few more hormones

• Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)
• Vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• Oxytocin
• Intermediate Pituitary
• Melanocyte stimilating hormone (MSH)

18
Lets Summarize!

• A peptide is a molecule composed of amino acids
  in a certain sequence.
• Many peptides are hormones.
• Peptides must bind to receptors on the cell to
  have a specific cellular action,
• Peptides have many bodily functions.

19
Peptides in Skin Care

• Peptides are used to increase collagen.
• Build extracellular matrix molecules
• Inhibit catecholamines.
• Stimulate fibroblast growth
• Stimulate growth of keratinocytes

20
Some Current Peptides

• Matrixyl- consists of two peptides, a
  pentapeptide attached to a fatty acid called
  palmitoyl oligopeptide and palmitoyl tetrapeptide
• Argireline- acetyl hexapeptide
• Syn-Ake
• Copper peptide- a tripeptide with the amino acid
  bond to copper.

21
Matrixyl

• Believed to induce fibroblasts to produce
• collagen and elastin and GAGs.
• Must be used at 3-8 level.
• Effective around eye area, a thin skin.

22
Argireline

• Inhibits catecholamines and protects cells from
  breaking down.
• Used at 3 to 8 level
• Seems to be most effective around the eye

23
Skin Treated with 10 Argireline
Day 0 (No treatment)
Day 30 Treated 10 Argireline
24
Copper Peptide

• Most effective in wound healing.
• Products are all blue.
• Copper can increase free radicals