Rococo Art

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Rococo Art

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The Definition of Rococo

• describes a movement in the arts in the early
  18th century, in France .
• derived from the French words "rocaille", meaning
  "rock work" and coquille meaning shell work
• a decorative style most often used in interior
  design, painting, architecture, and sculpture.

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Rococo Features

• Continuous undulating(??) curves (??)
• Lack of symmetry (??), with restless and fluid
  movement
• Pastel colors , a lighthearted mood
• Twisting naturalistic ornament in marquetry(????)
• Pierced and jagged scallop(??) shells
• Flickering flames
• Fanciful treatment of forms in nature

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Historical Background

• During the age of Enlightenment, a time when new
  ideas about human existence were introduced.
  Rococo art is the visual representation of the
  optimism people felt in response to that .
• After the heavy works created in the Baroque
  style, artists were ready for a change.

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• Louis XIV was succeed by the Duke of Orleans
  (regent for the minor Louis XV ) in 1715, who was
  know for enjoying the privileges of his office,
  moving social life away from the formal courts
  and into salons. This attitude was continued with
  the following reign of Louis XV.

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Historical Development

• France

At the end of his reign, rich Baroque
designs give way to lighter elements with more
curves and natural patterns .
Versaille
The1730s represented the height of Rococo
development in France , The style spread from
architecture and furniture to painting and
sculpture. exemplified by the works of
Antoine Watteau François Boucher
Louis XIV
Duke of Orleans
Louis XV
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The King's Bedroom , Versailles Palace.
Hôtel de Soubise
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The Embarkation for Cythera, Jean-Antoine
Watteau
Madame de Pompadour, François Boucher
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Germany German Rococo was applied with enthusiasm
to churches and palaces, particularly in the
south, while Frederician Rococo developed in the
Kingdom of Prussia.
Amalienburg (exterior)
Hall of Mirrors, Amalienburg
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Frederician Rococo

• Frederician Rococo is a form of rococo, which
  developed in Prussia during the reign of
  Frederick the Greatand combined influences from
  both France and the Netherlands.

Sans Souci Palace
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Italy In Italy, the late Baroque styles of
Boromini and Guarini set the tone for Rococo in
Turin, Venice, Naples and Sicily, while the arts
in Tuscany and Rome remained more wedded to
Baroque.
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England

• Rococo was always thought of as the "French
  taste" and was never widely adopted as an
  architectural style
• However, its influence was strongly felt in such
  areas as silverwork, porcelain, and silks.
• Thomas Chippendale transformed English furniture
  design through his adaptation and refinement of
  the style. most of the
• Rococo pieces use a French whorl
• foot. All of the legs are cabriole .

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Rococo Revival in American(1840-1870)

• The Rococo Revival style is much bolder than its
  18th century model. Ornament is carved in higher
  relief, and decorative detail is usually far more
  realistic. Rococo Revival examples are usually
  smaller than 18th-century prototypes .

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Rococo Art

• Rococo Architecture Inner Design
• Rococo Painting Music
• Rococo Dress

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The Rococo Architecture
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• At the outset the Rococo style represented a
  reaction against the ponderous design of Louis
  XIVs Palace of Versailles and the official
  Baroque art of his reign. Several interior
  designers, painters, and engravers, among them
  Pierre Le Pautre, J.-A. Meissonier, Jean Berain,
  and Nicolas Pineau, developed a lighter and more
  intimate style of decoration for the new
  residences of nobles in Paris.

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• In the Rococo style, walls, ceilings, and
  moldings were decorated with delicate
  interlacings of curves and countercurves based on
  the fundamental shapes of the C and the S, as
  well as with shell forms and other natural
  shapes. Asymmetrical design was the rule. Light
  pastels, ivory white, and gold were the
  predominant colours.

Liverpool Scone Castle???????
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• A few anti-architectural hints rapidly evolved
  into full-blown Rococo at the end of the 1720s
  and began to affect interiors and decorative arts
  throughout Europe. From France the Rococo style
  spread in the 1730s to the Catholic
  German-speaking lands.The richest forms of German
  Rococo are in Catholic Germany.

the Cathedral, Cádiz
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Nymphenburg ???
Vierzehnheiligen ???????
Wieskirche ????
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• Inaugurated in some rooms in Versailles, it
  unfolds its magnificence in several Parisian
  buildings (especially the Hôtel Soubise). In
  Germany, French and German artists (Cuvilliés,
  Neumann, Knobelsdorff, etc.) effected the
  dignified equipment of the Amalienburg near
  Munich, and the castles of Würzburg, Potsdam,
  Charlottenburg, Brühl, Bruchsal, Solitude
  (Stuttgart), and Schönbrunn.

Schönbrunn ???
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Amalienburg
Würzburg????
Hôtel Soubise?????
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• In England, one of Hogarth's set of paintings
  forming a melodramatic morality tale titled
  Marriage à la Mode, engraved in 1745, shows the
  parade rooms of a stylish London house, in which
  the only rococo is in plasterwork of the salon's
  ceiling. Palladian architecture is in control.
  Here, on the Kentian mantel, the crowd of Chinese
  vases and mandarins are satirically rendered as
  hideous little monstrosities, and the Rococo wall
  clock is a jumble of leafy branches.

Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo
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• In general, Rococo is an entirely interior style,
  because the wealthy and aristocratic moved back
  to Paris from Versailles. Paris was already built
  up and so rather than engaging in major
  architectural additions, they simply renovated
  the interiors of the existing buildings.

Vierzehnheiligen
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????

• Solitude Palace in Stuttgart and Chinese Palace
  in Oranienbaum, the Bavarian church of Wies and
  Sanssouci in Potsdam are examples of how Rococo
  made its way into European architecture.

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The Inner Design

• The lighthearted themes and intricate designs of
  Rococo presented themselves best at a smaller
  scale than the imposing Baroque architecture and
  sculpture. It is not surprising, then, that
  French Rococo art was at home indoors. Metalwork,
  porcelain figures,frills and especially furniture
  rose to new pre-eminence as the French upper
  classes sought to outfit their homes in the now
  fashionable style.

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• During the Rococo period, furniture was
  lighthearted, physically and visually. The idea
  of furniture had changed a lot. Furniture could
  be easily moved around for gatherings, and many
  specialized forms came to be. Changes in design
  of these chairs ranges from cushioned detached
  arms, lengthening of the cushioned back and a
  loose seat cushion.

• Furniture was also freestanding to accentuate the
  lighthearted atmosphere and versatility. Mahogany
  was widely used in furniture construction of its
  strength, resulting in the absence of the
  stretcher. Also, using mirrors hung above
  mantels became ever more popular in light of the
  development of unblemished glass.

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• In a full-blown Rococo design, like the Table
  d'appartement, by German designer J. A.
  Meissonnier, any reference to tectonic form is
  gone even the marble slab top is shaped. Apron,
  legs, stretcher have all been seamlessly
  integrated into a flow of opposed c-scrolls and
  "rocaille." The knot of the stretcher shows the
  asymmetrical "contraste" that was a Rococo
  innovation.

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• In France the style remained somewhat more
  reserved, since the ornaments were mostly of
  wood, or, after the fashion of wood-carving, less
  robust and naturalistic and less exuberant in the
  mixture of natural with artificial forms of all
  kinds.

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• English Rococo tended to be more restrained.
  Thomas Chippendale's furniture designs kept the
  curves and feel, but stopped short of the French
  heights of whimsy. The most successful exponent
  of English Rococo was probably Thomas Johnson.

The ballroom of the Catherine Palace
The Rococo Basilica at Ottobeuren (Bavaria)
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• In those places, Rococo is fully in control,
  sportive, fantastic, and sculptured forms are
  expressed with abstract ornament using flaming,
  leafy or shell-like textures in asymmetrical
  sweeps intimate Rococo interiors suppress
  architectonic divisions of architrave, frieze and
  cornice for the picturesque, the curious, and the
  whimsical, expressed in plastic materials and
  above all stucco. Walls, ceiling, furniture, and
  works of metal and porcelain present a unified
  ensemble. The Rococo palette is softer and paler
  than the Baroque tastes.

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Furniture Show
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Rococo

• Painting
• music

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painting

• Though Rococo originated in the purely decorative
  arts, the style showed clearly in painting.
• These painters used delicate colors and curving
  forms, decorating their canvases with cherubs and
  myths of love.

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• Pilgrimage to Cythera by Jean-Antoine Watteau,
  captures the frivolity and sensuousness of Rococo
  painting. (1721, Louvre)

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Jean-Antoine Watteau

• Jean-Antoine Watteau (16841721) is generally
  considered the first great Rococo painter. He had
  a great influence on later painters , including
  François Boucher (17031770) and Jean-Honoré
  Fragonard (17321806), two masters of the late
  period. Even Thomas Gainsborough's (17271788)
  delicate touch and sensitivity are reflective of
  the Rococo spirit.

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Jean-Antoine Watteau
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Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
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Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
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• Portraiture was also popular among Rococo
  painters.
• Some works show a sort of naughtiness or impurity
  in the behavior of their subjects, showing the
  historical trend of departing away from the
  Baroque's church/state orientation.
• Landscapes were pastoral and often depicted the
  leisurely outings of aristocratic

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Self-portrait in a Straw Hat, 1782.
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Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun

• Birth nameMarie Élisabeth-Louise Vigée
• Born16 April 1755)Paris, France
• Died30 March 1842 (aged 86)Paris, France
• Nationality France
• FieldPainting
• MovementRococo

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Self-portrait, painted at Florence, 1790
Charles Alexandre de Calonne, by Élisabeth
Vigée-Le Brun
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Portrait of Marie Antoinetet by Élisabeth
Vigée-Lebrun
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• Thomas Gainsborough

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Music

• The rococo music style itself developed out of
  baroque music, particularly in France. It can be
  characterized as intimate music with extremely
  refined decoration forms.
• Exemplars include Jean Philippe Rameau and
  Louis-Claude Daquin.

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Rameau

• Rameau's musical works may be divided into four
  distinct groups, which differ greatly in
  importance a few cantatas a few motets for
  large chorus some pieces for solo harpsichord or
  harpsichord accompanied by other instruments
  and, finally, his works for the stage, to which
  he dedicated the last thirty years of his career
  almost exclusively.

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Rameau
http//music.soso.com/music.cgi?scmuschs.m.nore
s.ipidgidcinwwilliamchristieclz
Les Fêtes d'Hébé
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• Boucher's painting (above) provides a glimpse of
  the society which Rococo reflected. "Courtly"
  would be pretentious in this upper bourgeois
  circle, yet the man's gesture is gallant.
• The stylish but cozy interior, the informal
  decorous intimacy of people's manners, the
  curious and delightful details everywhere one
  turns one's eye, the luxury of sipping chocolate
  all are "gallante."

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Rococo Dress
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• The delicate frothiness (????)of the Rococo was
  reflected in clothing styles. From the 1720s
  until the Revolution, French taste dominated
  Europe. The Rococo style spread to England,
  Spain, central Europe, and even into Russia.

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• Clothing in Rococo period moved away from the
  stiff showy Baroque fashions to a light, graceful
  style. The luxurious silk fabrics were in single
  colors, delicately patterned and elaborately
  embroidered(??), and in the typical pastel shades
  (???????)of the time.

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Materials and Sources

• calico???, a fine-woven high quality printed
  cotton
• muslin??, a soft cotton gauze
• satins ?? smooth silk

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• Since the Elizabethan period, womens dress had
  involved some form of Corset and Pannier
  (???????)
• Wide hoops and corsets shaped the slender body,
  balanced on a bell-shaped skirt.

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• The Corset fronts were open,decorated with rows
  of gathers (??)or bows. The skirt front was also
  split in the center front, revealing a matching
  petticoat(?????). Necklines(??) were very low,
  and the ruffled edge of the chemise(???????)
  could be seen. Sleeves were tight-fitting to the
  elbow, and finished with tiers of lace
  ruffles(????????).

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• Court dress retained some of its earlier
  formality in the richness of the fabrics and
  embellishment(?????). This dress has the loose
  pleated(??) back of the gown(??) combined with a
  fitted Corset in the front.

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• During the 18 century, the Rococo dressing is
  centered with the female clothing. And the male
  dressing also has some reform in fashion.

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• Male dress include the coat, breeches and the
  waistcoat.

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• Coats continued to be full-skirted, and reach to
  the knee, they were collarless, and buttoned from
  neck to hem.
• Breeches were cut moderately full, and closed at
  the front with a buttoned flap, called a
  fall-front.
• The waistcoat also extended to the knee, and was
  of rich brocades(?????).

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• The difference between dress and full dress was
  one of quality of fabric, the dress coat being of
  plain velvets(??) or wools, while the full dress
  coat was done up in brocade(?????)and
  embroidery(??). Buttons and fake buttonholes were
  featured on the fronts of coats.

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