Kickoff meeting

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Kickoff meeting Twinning on development of
modelling capacity to support water quality
monitoring in Latvia Ecosystem model
perspectives
Photo Lake Övre hammardammen, Fredrik Ejhed
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Problems using only 22 agricultural regions in
Sweden
Problems in a region with large climate gradient.
Runoff is overestimated in parts of the region
which dilutes thus gives too low concentrations.
Total nitrogen concentration vs time in Stensån
Sweden. SOILNDB and HBV. The model is used for
production of result dependent on the management
practices that can be changed by measures. The
large shortterm variations is not in focus of
the model but it has been validated at field
scale.
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Swedish monitoring programme adjustments due to
WFD

• Trend stations monitoring programme consists of
  stations that
• class high or good status from biological
  parameters
• are pristine without any pressures
• are sampled yearly both water chemistry and
  biology
• Rotation stations monitoring programme consists
  of stations that
• provide additional areal coverage of information
  on water chemistry and biology
• are sampled in a 6-year rotation
• The largest change is increase in monitoring of
  biology
• The large river outlet to the sea monitoring
  programme continues

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Hydrological modelling HBV
HBV 230 stations for calibration 140 stations for
validation timesplit validation also
6 Parameter regions for calibration of HBV
hydrology
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Ecosystem models

• Combining the complete ecosystem response to
  pollution
• Part of the ecosystem is the water quality models
• Combination of atmospheric processes and water
  processes

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Air - water modelling linkage

• Wetland
• Shallow lakes
• WFD demand good ecological status
• ICP Critical load WFD border good-moderate
  ecological status
• Model interface air water

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ICP critical load methods

• ICP modelling and mapping http//www.oekodata.com/
  icpmapping/index.html
• No dynamics needed for ICP exceedence and
  critical load values steady state. SMB Simple
  Mass Balance
• In water quality model dynamic is essential for
  e.g. lake processes.
• Dynamics can be used to establish steady state.
• In case of exceedence dynamic modelling coupled
  to water quality models is needed to investigate
  the recovery process.

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Retention models for lakes the linkage to air
and critical load ?

• Small lakes (lt1 km2) total circulation
• Large lakes have a passive and an active water
  volume which variate with flow in and out
• Retention within the active part (HBV-N)
• Inorg. N denitrification, biota assimilation,
  algae production and mineralisation.
• Lake retention lakeret cilake lakearea
  tmean5
• lakeret par. calibrated,
• cilake concentration of inorg. N in active lake
  part,
• tmean5mean temperature latest 5 days
• Denitrification most important.
• Takes place in the sediments, thus area and not
  volume is a parameter.

Nitrogen lake retention from catchment to sea
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Retention models for lakes the linkage to air
critical load ? ...continued

• Lakes with long residence time are more effective
  in retention of N
• Temperature and nutrient status control org.N
  production
• Lakeproduction lakeorg cilake2 vlake
  tmean10
• lakeorgcalibrated parameter
• cilake2concentration of inorganic N in lake
• vlakelake volume
• tmean10temperatur mean latest 10 days
• if tmean10gttmean20 then lakeproduction is
  positive
• if tmean10lttmean20 then lakeproduction is
  negative
• When the temperature is lower the latest 10 days
  than latest 20 days, sedimentation and
  mineralisation exceed the production.

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Air and water quality link Runoff from paved
surfaces and PM10 particles in air a local urban
problem

• EU ARTEMIS project links road emissions model to
  traffic situations
• SIMAIR swedish geographic distribution of traffic
  emissions
• Risc assessment of effects on water bodies

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Gross load
N from forest landuse kg/ha,y
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Whithin WFDEcosystem expected ecological status

• Good ecological quality
• Target values ex. Swedish environmental quality
  targets.
• WFD good ecological status ín Sweden
• Bottomfauna index
• Fish
• etc
• Critical load index not entirely the same as WFD

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Toxic pressure
Occurrence and distribution of chemicals in
different media
Biota
Transport Processes and the use of Models
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Toxic Pressures - Models
Multimedia fugacity models and screening

• Useful tool for predicting environmental fate of
  chemicals
• Point out likely recipient media and transport
  pathways
• Can be used generally or for specific region
• Help prioritising chemicals of environmental
  interest, ranking tool
• Quick, cheap, easy

From IVL presentation in REBECCA
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Lake
Occurrence
Screening PBDEs in fish (ng/g lipid)
Coastal
Ref Screening of organic contaminants in Sweden
Sternbeck et al 2004
Sea
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Pollution transport and fate- fugacity models

• Calculates transport and fate of the substance
  from equilibrium qriteria value.
• The model evaluates the relative partitioning
  differences to different media (sediment, biota,
  water, air)
• not applied on national level

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