Understanding Internetworking Infrastructure

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Understanding Internetworking Infrastructure

• Chapter 5

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Key questions

• What are the basic components of Internetworking
  Infrastructures?
• What Business Implications do they bring?
• The Future given rapid rates of change and new
  business models
• Decision making when the issues are both business
  critical and technology critical

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Components of Infrastructure

• Networks
• Processing systems
• Facilities
• ?? People and systems ??

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Basic Components of Internetworking
Infrastructures

• The Technological Elements
• Local Area networks
• Hubs, switches and Network Adapters
• Wide Area Networks
• Routers
• Firewalls and other security systems and devices
• Caching, content acceleration and other
  specialized devices

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Some Telecom Terms

• TCP / IP
• IPv4
• IPv6
• Dotted Decimal
• DNS
• Internet
• Browser
• Packet
• Protocol stack
• Bits and Bytes
• Bandwidth

• LAN
• WAN
• MAN
• PAN
• Ethernet
• CSMA / CD
• NIC
• Switch Hub
• Router

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Some Telecom Terms (continued)

• 802.11
• WiFi
• Topology
• Protocol
• QOS
• ATM

• GSM
• CDMA
• G3
• Voice Switch
• Central Office
• Virtual Circuit
• cell (as in cellular phone)

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Convergence

• Voice
• Traditional telephony vs digital telephony
• Data
• Video
• Typical bandwidth requirements for each

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Basic Components of Internetworking
Infrastructures (Cont)

• The Technological Elements of Processing Systems
• Client Devices and Systems
• Server Devices and Systems
• Mainframe Devices and Systems
• Middleware
• Infrastructure Management Systems
• Business Applications

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Some Computer Terms and Concepts

• Computer languages
• Machine
• Procedural
• Object oriented (OO)
• Language translation
• SDLC
• Computerized systems
• Bugs
• System correctness and completeness
• Accuracy of cost and time to completion estimates

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Basic Components of Internetworking
Infrastructures (Cont)

• The Technological Elements of Facilities
• Building and Physical spaces
• Network Conduits and connections
• Power
• Environmental controls
• Security

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Basic Components of Internetworking
Infrastructures (Cont)

• The Operational Characteristics of Internetworks
• Open Standards (TCP/IP)
• Asynchronous Operation
• Inherent Latency
• Decentralization
• Scalability

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The Rise of Internetworking Business Implications

• The emergence of Real Time Infrastructures
• Broader Exposure to Operational Threats
• New Models Of Service Delivery
• Managing Legacies

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The Future

• Client-Server model became popular
• LANs, WANs, VANs
• Less dependence on Mainframe computers MIS
• Electronic communication/workgroup computing
  tools support group work
• See GWUForecast.gwu.edu

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Organizational Design Challenges

• The Virtual Corporation
• From Control to Learning
• From Autonomy to Collaboration
• Organizational Structure
• Authority and Decision Making
• Operating Processes
• Management Processes
• Incentives and rewards
• Roles/Skills and Expertise
• Career Development

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Targeted Opportunities

• Communicating Organizational Priorities
• Meaningful Budgets
• Effective Incentive Systems
• Solution for Production
• Adaptation for Change

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Interorganizational Systems (IOS)

• Networked information systems used by two or more
  separate organizations to perform a joint
  business function
• Interorganizational systems (IOS)
• Electronic Data Interchange uses EDI standards
• Extranets - IOS over the Internet

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IOS EXAMPLE
Kmart has opened its IS to help suppliers better
serve customers. The interface has an extensive
GUI component and allows 50 to 100 vendors to
look at Kmarts merchandising database. For
example, the system lets Black and Decker have
access to any data that Kmart believes helps BD
better serve Kmart and its customers. Kmart
implemented this program in exchange for more
frequent and smaller deliveries, but also because
it was in the best interests of the company, its
customers and its suppliers. Why did Kmart
implement this IOS? What is the implication
for having Kmart decide on what info BD can
access?
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IOS Risks

• Forces automation lock-in to a particular
  system
• Government regulations may change
• Great impacts on organizational structures,
  systems, people - loss of control
• Diminishes organizational boundaries -- requires
  trust in partners

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Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

• Computer-to-computer exchange of standard
  business transaction documents between 2
  organizations
• purchase orders
• invoices
• bill of lading
• XML (the future)