Agroterrorism

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Agroterrorism National Governors
Association Dr. Tom McGinnN.C. Assistant State
Veterinarian Director Emergency ProgramsState
Animal Response Team Veterinary Medical
Assistant Team 3
OEMS
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Why Agrobioterrorism?

• Easy to obtain, conceal and spread
• Easy to create fear Kill one scare 10,000
• Easy to create collateral damage
• Zoonotic diseases, toxins, chemicals
• Destroy enemies food supply Weapon of choice
  before Anthrax in mail
• Destroy nation and/or way of life
• Do not have to injure themselves

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Duplin County, North CarolinaFMD Impact on
Swine, Poultry and People 6, 15 and 20 Mile
Buffers and Animal Density
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Agriculture as a Weapon
Beef Cattle
Swine
Goats
Dairy Cattle
Live animals are shipped to a total of 27 states,
Puerto Rico, Mexico, Canada and South America!
Sheep and Lambs
Poultry
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Potential FMD Disease Spread After a simulated
terrorist attack at 5 Locations
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Day
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7
8
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15
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20
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4
5
6
23
30
40
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35
37
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19
23
27
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States Infected
5
12
Day 5 Disease First Detected
Potential Impact
Even if a national stop Movement of all
susceptible animals is ordered on Day 8, by the
time the disease is eradicated the nation could
lose still 23.6 million animals!
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Silent PrairieAnimal Diseases as the Weapon

• 40 participates
• 15 members of Congress
• Joint Chiefs of Staff
• NG
• FEMA
• FBI
• USDA
• NC Dept Ag

President asking for Advice
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Silent Prairie Objectives

• Capabilities constraints of DOD responding to
  Agriculture bio-terrorism
• Effects of Ag bio-terror attack on deployment
• Understand impact, scope scale on US economy of
  agro-terrorism
• Understand range of response to agro- terrorism

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6 FMD outbreaks requires 24,634 person/day
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Biological Weapons

• Smallpox
• Botulism
• Plague
• Tularemia
• Anthrax

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Sentinels
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Potential Animal Disease Threats

• Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
• Exotic Newcastle Disease
• African Swine Fever
• West Nile
• Avian Influenza
• Hendra
• Nipah
• Ebola
• Mad Cow (Emerging Zoonotic Diseases)

Foreign Animal Diseases Global Diseases
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Food Contamination

• Plant workers as sentinels
• 1000s dead
• Distribution, retail
• Transportation
• Collection, storage disposal of contaminate?
• National international economic and trade
  implications

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The Worried Well

• 1 Lb. Contaminate vs. ??? Lbs.
• Fast Food
• Who will deal with the food? HAZMAT teams?
• Like other disastersnot enough to go around.
• Veterinarians role in Food safety

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Wilmington, NC
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Purpose

• To document the procedures, responsibilities, and
  decisions which provide a unified response to a
  radiation event impacting the people, animals,
  and/or agriculture of North Carolina.

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Chaos, Confusion, Crisis
Cooperation, Coordination, Communication
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Multi- Hazard Task Force

• Interdepartmental effort/ Team approach
• Research Farms, Plant Protection, Fertilizer,
  Pesticides, Laboratories, Fairs, Food Security
  etc.
• Notifications tree pagers
• Agriculture Crisis Response Center
• SOPS COOP
• Pre incident contracts

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State Medical Response System (SMRS)

• State Emergency Response Team (SERT) Activation
• SORT dedicated equipment personnel for NC
• USAR steel/concrete collapse5
• State Public Health Bioterrorism Team 1

SERT PHBT SORT USAR Teams
Type I STATE Response

• Delivery to RACs 7 mobile packages
• Public Health Bioterrorism Response Teams 7
• USAR masonry/wood collapse6
• RRT - HAZMAT 6
• Medical augmentation

RACs (Lead Coordination) Public Health Response
Teams SMAT Type II Packages USAR Teams RRTs
Type II REGIONAL Response
SMAT Type III Packages 90 Local Health
Director, local EMS and EM involvement in local
RACs Local disaster and response agency planning
Type III LOCAL Response

• Delivery of 90 mobile packages
• Develop response contingency plans
• Education/Training uniformity

North Carolina Division of Public Health North
Carolina Division of Emergency Management North
Carolina Office of Emergency Medical
Services Special Operations Response Team
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Animal Health BL-3 Diagnostic Lab

• Back up over flow for Public Health
• Zoonotic Foreign Animal Diseases

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Animal Human Health Information Reported
Protected
SECTION 9. G.S. 106-307.2 reads as rewritten "
106-307.2. Reports of infectious disease in
livestock and poultry to State
Veterinarian. (a) All persons practicing
veterinary medicine in North Carolina shall
report promptly to the State Veterinarian the
existence of any reportable contagious or
infectious disease in livestock and poultry. The
Board of Agriculture shall establish by rule a
list of animal diseases and conditions to be
reported and the time and manner of reporting.
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Reportable Diseases

• Linked Based
• Provides Information and Pictures

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Example of Current Surveillance Map
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Involvement in Surveillance of Human Disease
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N.C. Terrorism Threat Reduction Tool
Terrorism
Vulnerability Self Assessment Tool
Intended to assist state government departments,
local government, business/industry organizations
and law enforcement in identifying high threat
risks within the state that might be exploited by
terrorists either as a target or as a resource
that they might use against any other potential
target within North Carolina or elsewhere in the
United States.
www.ncagr.com/oep
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Vulnerability Self Assessment Tool
4. On-Site Hazards

• Issues to be considered in selecting your score
• Are hazardous materials, explosives or other
  dangerous items on your site?
• Do you store or use biologic or chemical
  materials that have the potential to be used as a
  threat or weapon?
• Do you have a system to control access to
  hazardous materials, explosives or any other
  dangerous materials at your site?
• Can any products stored or used on your site be
  used as or in the manufacture of a mass casualty
  weapon?
• Can any products stored or used on your site
  cause extensive environmental damage?
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Vulnerability Self Assessment Tool
This chart reflects the total vulnerability
scores from the NC Terrorism Vulnerability Self
Assessment Tool for ten of the businesses in
Anytown, NC. Note that only one business, Harris
Pharmaceuticals, falls in the High Risk category.
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Threat Reduction, Detection, Diagnosis,
Preparedness Response

• Threat Assessment Tool
• Connects law enforcement
• Multi- Hazard Threat Database
• Animals
• Plants
• Fertilizer
• Pesticides
• Fairs

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West Pharmaceutical Fire
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SBI Request GIS assistance
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Hurricane Floyd
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Emergency Management Assistance Compact
EMAC MEMBERS
EMAC NON-MEMBERS
FEMA REGION
1
ME
VT
NH
NY
MA
CT
RI
5
ND
MT
MN
NJ
SD
WI
MI
WY
7
8
IL
OH
IN
IA
CO
NE
UT
KS
MO
NV
CA
AZ
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AS OF September 17, 2001
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Emergency Animal Assistance Compact
State Animal Response Plans
Final/Draft
FEMA REGION/VMAT
1
ME
VMAT 1
VT
NH
VMAT 5
NY
MA
CT
RI
5
WA
ND
MT
MN
NJ
OR
SD
WI
ID
MI
WY
7
8
IL
OH
IN
IA
CO
VMAT 2
NE
UT
PA
MD
DE
KS
VA
MO
VMAT 4
3
NV
KY
OK
CA
NM
AR
TN
VMAT 3
NC
AZ
SC
MS
TX
LA
AL
4
GA
9
6
FL
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National Asset VMAT

• National deployment of 20-50 persons within 4
  hrs.
• Operational sustainment for up to 14 days
• Provide complete animal decontamination ,
  hospital and pharmaceutical capability
• Provide preventive health, infrastructure
  support, training during an event
• Disaster, risk and threat assessment

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State Asset SART

• Deployment of 10-100 persons for assessment and
  surveillance within 4 hrs.
• Deployment of 100 -200 persons for disaster
  response within 24hrs.
• Operational sustainment for up to 7-14 days
• Provide infrastructure augmentation and surge
  capacity for veterinary care, shelter and feeding
  
• Provide decon, search and rescue and animals
  disposal capabilities
• Ongoing preparedness and mitigation in state

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State Animal Response Team44 organizations
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In - State Regional Asset RST/NCDA Liaison

• On going Regional capability 7-21 persons to
  integrate human and animal preparedness
• Provides continuous human and animal risk
  assessment and surveillance capabilities
• Provides regional command and control structure
  and decon, treatment and triage capability
• Provides on-going training for CARTs and human
  and animal health professionals

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County Asset CART

• Deployment of 10-30 persons for assessment
  surveillance within 4 hrs.
• Deployment of 10 -200 persons for disaster
  response within 24hrs.
• Operational sustainment for up to 3-10 days
• Provide primary infrastructure, shelter and feed
• Integrates with local incident command
• Provides primary animals disposal capability
• Ongoing preparedness and mitigation in county

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10/01/02
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Why go after the lions when there are plenty of
sheep?PLO Terrorist Dr. George Habash

• We will be the Lions!