Georeferencing Step by Step

1
Georeferencing Step by Step Online Resources
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Using Online Resources NIMA database

• National Imagery and Mapping Association (GNS,
  for worldwide data)
• All data in Degrees Minutes Seconds, with
  precision to nearest minute
• Datum is WGS84
• Used as source for many gazetteers
• Example Kathmandu, Nepal

3
Statoids

• Information for the administrative units for
  countries (including country codes, etc).
• Not for coordinates, just information
• Use with NIMA data, GIS, etc.

4
Maporama

• Used for finding addresses worldwide
• Measure extent on the screen
• No datum given, so have to email Maporama for the
  datum
• Example 10 Downing St., London, UK

5
Falling Rain

• Great for any locality, especially hard to find
  places (non-North American localities)
• Uses NIMA data
• Gives location of nearby towns in nautical miles
  (nm)
• Use Google to translate nm into kilometers
• Example Benjamin Constant, Amazona, Brasil

6
Fuzzy G

• Can use any named place, even if the name is not
  spelled exactly right
• Worldwide
• Uses NIMA data, so DMS and accurate to nearest
  minute
• Can control the amount of fuzziness
• Example Temescula, Riverside, CA
• Example 2 Albuqerqe, New Mexico

7
Alexandria Digital Library

• Large database for searching any feature type
• Includes old and alternative names of places
• Uses NIMA data, so in Degrees minutes seconds,
  with WGS84 datum
• Example Tervuren, Belgium

8
The Getty Thesaurus

• Use for finding alternate information, old names
• Has a large amount of information, but do not use
  for determining coordinates
• Use this for obtaining recent names for places
• Use WGS84 datum
• Example New Amsterdam, USA

9
GeoLocate

• Automated georeferencing program
• Good for intersections of roads or rivers
• What the new BioGeomancer will use for finding
  localities
• Only for North America right now
• Can move the correct spot to where you think it
  should be and read coordinates from there
• Example Russian River and Hwy 101, Mendocino
  County, CA, USA

10
Google Earth

• Download from Google onto your desktop
• Data is compiled from many different sources
• All the data use datum WGS84.
• Has a measuring tool, can mark localities.
• Many natural localities are difficult to find
  (e.g. valley)
• Use as a gazetteer in the georeferencing
  calculator
• Example Queens, New York

11
Topozone

• USGS maps, 124,000 and 1100,000
• Can measure distances for extent on the screen
  using a ruler
• Good for checking localities in the US (UTM, GPS,
  etc) or in conjunction with Google Maps
• ExampleMcCool Butte, Klamath Co., Oregon, USA

12
UTM

• Universal Tranverse Mercator (projection system)
• Used all over the world
• Extent is default of 30 m (similar to GPS)
• First must figure out the UTM zone your are in
  (expressed as number and letter, e.g. 12S)
• http//www.dmap.co.uk/utmworld.htm)
• ExampleAmbrosetti Pond Ranch, (1431 m) UTM
  0258629 E 4324971 N

13
TRS (Township, Range, Section)

• Used in the western, midwestern and some southern
  states in the US
• Can use Topozone or TRS site called Graphical
  Locator for translating to decimal degrees
• For Graphical Locator, datum NAD27
• Linear Extent for sections (whole, 1/4) listed in
  the MHO Guidelines
• Determine State and Meridian from US Map
• ExampleT13N R14E Sec15, USA, Arizona Coconino
  County