Standard Template Library STL

1
Chapter 4

• Standard Template Library (STL)

2
Chapter Objectives

• Learn about the Standard Template Library (STL)
• Become familiar with the three basic components
  of the STL containers, iterators, and algorithms
• Explore how vector and deque containers are used
  to manipulate data in a program
• Discover the use of iterators

3
Components of the STL

• Containers
• Iterators
• Algorithms

4
Container Types

• Sequence containers (sequential containers)
• Associative containers
• Container adapters

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Sequence Containers

• Vector
• Deque
• list

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Ways to Declare and Initialize a Vector Container
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Operations to Access the Elements of a Vector
Container
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Operations on a Vector Container
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Functions to Determine the Size of a Vector
Container
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Member Functions Common to All Containers
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Member Functions Common to All Containers
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Member Functions Common to All Sequence Containers
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Prototype of function template copy

• templateltclass inputIterator, class
  outputIteratorgt
• outputItr copy(inputIterator first1,
  inputIterator last,
• outputIterator first2)

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Sequence Container deque

• Deque double-ended queue
• Implemented as dynamic arrays
• Elements can be inserted at both ends
• To use deque container in a program include
  statement
• include ltdequegt

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Ways to Declare a deq Object
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Operations that Can Be Performed on a deq Object
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Types of Iteration

• Input Iterators
• Output Iterators
• Forward Iterators
• Bidirectional Iterators
• Random Access Iterators

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Operations on an Input Iterator
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Operations on an Output Iterator
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Operations on a Forward Iterator
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Operations on a Bidirectional Iterator
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Operations on a Random Access Iterator
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Iterator Hierarchy
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typedefs Common to All Containers
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istream_iterator

• Used to input data into a program from an input
  stream
• General syntax
• istream_iteratorltTypegt isIdentifier(istream)

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ostream_iterator

• Contains the definition of an output stream
  iterator
• General syntax
• ostream_iteratorltTypegt osIdentifier(ostream)
• or
• ostream_iteratorltTypegt osIdentifier(ostream,
  char deLimit)

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Programming Example Grade Report (Input)

• A sample input file follows
• 345
• Lisa Miller 890238 Y 4
• Mathematics MTH345 4 A
• Physics PHY357 3 B
• ComputerSci CSC478 3 B
• History HIS356 3 A
• .
• .
• .

Input A file containing the data in the form
shown previously. Assume the name of the input
file is ch4_GradeData.txt and is on floppy disk A.
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Programming Example Grade Report (Output)

• The desired output for each student is of the
  following form
• Student Name Lisa Miller
• Student ID 890238
• Number of courses enrolled 4
• Course No Course Name Credits Grade
• CSC478 ComputerSci 3 B
• HIS356 History 3 A
• MTH345 Mathematics 4 A
• PHY357 Physics 3 B

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Programming Example Grade Report

• Course Component
• Set the course information
• Print the course information
• Show the credit hours
• Show the course number
• Show the grade

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UML Diagram of the class courseType
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Programming Example Grade Report

• Student Component
• Set the student information
• Print the student information
• Calculate the number of credit hours taken
• Calculate the GPA
• Calculate the billing amount
• Because the grade report will print the courses
  in ascending order, sort the courses according to
  the course number

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UML Diagram of the class studentType and the
Inheritance Hierarchy
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Programming Example Grade Report (Main Algorithm)

• Declare the variables
• Open the input file
• If the input file does not exist, exit the
  program
• Open the output file
• Get the tuition rate
• Load the students data
• Print the grade reports

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Chapter Summary

• Components of the STL
• Types of Containers
• Operations on Containers
• Sequence Containers
• Deque
• Vector

35
Chapter Summary

• Iterators
• Types of iteration
• Operations on iterators
• Programming example