Dr Sigrid Lipka s'lipkaderby'ac'uk

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• Dr Sigrid Lipka s.lipka_at_derby.ac.uk
• Workshop 2
• Answers to Critical Reading
• Activity
• MCQs
• Stroop activity
• See handout from Module Web page

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• See Workshop 1
• Thorn, A.S.C., Gathercole, S. E., Frankish, C.R.
  (2002). Language familiarity effects in
  short-term memory The role of output delay and
  long-term knowledge. The Quarterly Journal of
  Experimental Psychology, 55A (4), 1363-1383.
• research on language-specific differences in how
  
• bilingual participants perform on verbal
  short-term
• memory tasks, and how to explain such
• differences

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• Critical Reading Activity Answers
• Introduction
• What is the authors goal?
• What is the hypothesis or prediction that is
  
• being tested?
• How would I design an experiment to test the
  hypothesis?

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• Method
• Which is the best method - yours or the authors'?
• Does the authors' method test the hypothesis?
• What are the independent and dependent variables
  and what happens in the different conditions if
  there are any?
• From the whole method section, what results would
  you predict?

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• Results
• Are your predicted results the same as the ones
  the authors report?
• How would you interpret the results?
• Can you draw any applications and implications
  from your interpretation?

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• Discussion
• Which interpretation of the results suits the
  data the best?
• Which discussion of the applications and
  implications is the most convincing?

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• MCQs on Visual Perception
• 1. According to the constructivist position
• a) the retina transmits an amazingly accurate
  picture
• b) our awareness of depth is produced at the
  retina
• in some cases, perception takes place prior to
  
• sensation
• Visual perception is influenced by top-down
• processes
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 2. The Müller-Lyer illusion
• a) relies strictly on eye movements
• has similar characteristics to our experience
  in the
• world
• c) enables the participant to judge sizes
  accurately
• d) both a) and b)
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 3. The term _________________ refers to the
  pattern of changing and unchanging aspects of the
  visual array.
• a) invariant features
• b) texture gradients
• c) optical flow patterns
• d) affordances
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 4. Which of the following surfaces does not
  usually display a texture gradient?
• a) a carpet at home
• b) the ocean
• c) a grassy field
• d) all surfaces display texture gradients
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 5. Which of the following criticisms has not been
  levelled against Gibson's theory?
• In some cases it has been difficult to locate
  the texture
• gradients empirically
• Gibson's terminology tends to be too precise
• Gibson seemed to ignore the processing of
  dynamic visual
• information
• Gibson seemed to overemphasize the role of the
  cognitive
• system in perception
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 6. What are binocular cues in depth perception?
  Are they
• a) cues visible when using binoculars
• b) cues that involve one eye
• c) cues that involve colour
• d) cues that involve two eyes
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 7. When an object appears the same size
  regardless of the size of the image on the retina
  this is known as
• a) retinal constancy
• b) size constancy
• c) size stability
• d) shape constancy
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 8. Perceptual processing that is determined by
  external stimuli rather than knowledge is known
  as
• a) intermediate processing
• b) top-down processing
• c) top-down and bottom-up processing
• d) bottom-up processing
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 9. Processing affected by knowledge and
  expectations rather than by the stimulus is known
  as
• a) contra-processing
• b) bottom-up processing
• c) top-down processing
• d) top-down and bottom-up processing
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• Activity STROOP TASK
• Background see lecture on Attention.
• Try this with a small group of volunteers. Ask
  them to tell you the name of the colour of the
  ink of a list of written words.
• Youll need a stop watch and two lists of written
  colour words
• List 1 congruent list ink is the same as
  colour word.
• List 2 incongruent list ink is different to
  colour word.

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• Activity STROOP TASK
• Type out your own congruent and incongruent
  lists, using different ink colours.
• Each list should contain 20 words.
• Write down the time it takes each participant to
  go through each list.
• Calculate the mean time for each list and compare
  the means.

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• Example beginning of a congruent list
• RED
• BROWN
• GREEN
• BLUE
• ORANGE
• YELLOW
• BLACK

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• Example beginning of an incongruent list
• BLUE
• BLACK
• GREEN
• RED
• BLUE
• YELLOW
• ORANGE