Verde River Watershed

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Part II
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Verde River Watershed
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Verde River Ground-water Basin
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PROTIONS OF THE VERDE RIVER WATERSHED NOT
INCLUDED IN THE STUDY
Aubrey Valley Verde Canyon Fountain Hills
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Little Chino Subwatershed of the Verde River
Watershed And Little Chino subbasin of the
Prescott AMA
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Big Chino Subbasin of the Verde River
Ground-water Basin And Both solid areas
comprise the Upper Verde River Watershed
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Verde Valley subbasin of the Verde River
Ground-water basin And The Middle Verde River
Watershed
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Remember The Little Chino subbasin is one of the
two subbasins in the Prescott AMA.
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Subbasin indicates the entire drainage,
includes the basin floor and the bounding
mountains. For example, the Big Chino subbasin
includes Williamson Valley, Big Chino Valley, the
Juniper Mountains, the Santa Maria Mountains,
Partridge Creek, Walnut Creek and Big Black Mesa.
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What is a Water Budget? A water budget is an
accounting of water entering and leaving
a specified volume over a given time period
A specified area can be a watershed, an aquifer,
a lake, etc. The time period can be a season,
yearly, or can be an average of yearly values
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• Inflow Outflow Change in Storage (DS)

DS Water Level After Water Level Before
DS
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If inflow outflow then DS is zero
If inflow gt outflow then DS is positive
DS
If inflow lt outflow then DS is negative
-DS
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What is a Water Balance Equation? A water
balance equation is a mathematical expression of
water entering and leaving a specified volume
over a given time period
A specified area can be a watershed, an aquifer,
a lake, etc. The time period can be a season,
yearly, or can be an average of yearly values
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Basin water balance equation
P IR GWin BFin ROin ET GWout BFout
ROout WU DS
Inflow
Outflow
P Precipitation (rainfall
snowfall) IR Incidental and Artificial
Recharge GWin Ground-water in BFin
Base-flow in ROin Run-off in ET
Evapotranspiration GWout Ground-water
out BFout Base-flow out ROout
Run-off out WU Water use DS
Change in storage
Specified area is a basin
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Subbasin Boundaries
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Precipitation Sites
Rainfall NOAA Data (1971-2000) PRISM
Algorithm Snowfall NOAA Data (1981-2003) Regressi
on Algorithm
Measurement locations
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Precipitation Long-term Averages
Uncertainty about 10
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Precipitation Stations In and Near the Study Area
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Runoff and Base Flow - Selected Streamflow
Gaging Stations
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Discharge Runoff Base flow
Runoff
Base flow
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Discharge Runoff Base flow
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Base-Flow Separation
Base flow separation techniques were used to
separate the base flow component from the runoff
component of streamflow. The method was automated
by using the program HYSEP (Sloto and Crouse,
1996). Uses an algorithm that systematically
draws connecting lines between the low points of
the streamflow hydrograph. The interval used is
proportional to the drainage area and can range
from 3 to 11 days. NA0.2 Where N is the
interval and A is the drainage area. The method
assigns the lowest discharge in each interval to
all days in that interval starting with the first
day of the period of record. Selected stream
gage data used in the base-flow separation
analyses included those stations in perennial
reaches with minimal upstream diversions.
Sloto R.A., and Crouse, Y. M., 1996, HYSEP A
computer program for streamflow hydrograph
separation and analysis U.S. Geological Survey
Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4040, 46
p.
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Summary statistics of average annual and winter
base flow ft3/s, cubic feet per second
acre-ft/yr, acre-feet per year, NC, not
calculated
1 Standard error of 0.23 percent
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Ground-water in and Ground-water out
Methods Analytical Methods (Darcy
equation) Numerical Methods (Ground water model)
AQUIFER
BEDROCK
Ground-water out
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1,800 acre-ft out
180 acre-ft out
Prescott Active Management Area model enables
calculation of inflow and outflow
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• Vegetation ET
• Open Water ET
• Subirrigation

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Vegetation ET - Base Flow Analysis

• Assumptions
• Winter season ET is zero
• Difference between winter season base flow and
  other seasons base flow
• is exclusively caused by ET
• Base flow is invariable throughout the year with
  the exception of ET (i.e., no diversions, no
  impact through pumping, no change in channel
  losses)
• Base flow can be accurately measured (HYSEP)
• ET attributed to primarily the riparian areas
  basin ET is not a factor

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Vegetation ET

• Base Flow Method (DJF) (MAM, JJA, SON)

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Vegetation ET

• Base Flow Method (DJF) (MAM, JJA, SON)

1Not calculated using base-flow reduction
calculated using an average consumptive use
1Upstream tributary contributions not considered
2To confluence with Clover Creek
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Open Water Bodies
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Open Water ET Estimate

• Multiply open water cell by monthly ETo value
• No accounting for change in wetted perimeter

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Subirrigated Agriculture (Direct From Aquifer)
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Subirrigated Agriculture (Direct From Aquifer)
Average monthly evapotranspiration from
sub-irrigated crops using Eto method1
1 An area of 1,325 sub-irrigated acres 2 Based on
average monthly humidity and wind speeds
(Shuttleworth, 1992)
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Subirrigated Agriculture (Direct From Aquifer)
Average monthly evapotranspiration from
sub-irrigated crops using Crop Factor method1
1 An area of 1,325 sub-irrigated acres 2 ADWR,
2000
Average between two methods is 3,400 acre-ft with
an uncertainty of about 25 percent
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Change In Storage
Methods Analytical Methods Numerical Methods
(Ground water model)
Little Chino Subbasin - PRAMA Model - 4,100
acre-ft per year (1990-2003)
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Long-term Water Level Altitude Data
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2004 Water Level Altitude Data
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LITTLE CHINOSubbasin
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INFLOW Recharge (AF/Yr)  Natural  Recharge1  Grani
te Creek (reservoir release)2    Incidental  Agric
ultural (50 all sources)3 CVID Canal (33 of
deliveries)4 Golf course (2 of
deliveries)5 Industrial (5 of deliveries)6 Septic
(34.8 of household use)7   Artificial Recharge
facility (effluent)8 TOTAL INFLOW (AF/Yr)
OUTFLOW Natural Discharge (AF/Yr) Del Rio Springs
baseflow9a  Del Rio Springs baseflow
upstream9b  Del Rio Springs baseflow to Big Chino
Subbasin9c Underflow (AF/Yr) To the Big Chino
subbasin10  To the Agua Fria subbasin11 TOTAL
OUTFLOW (AF/Yr)
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Irrigated Agriculture
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Domestic Wells
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GROUND-WATER WITHDRAWALS Agriculture
(AF/Yr) 58-100331.000012a 58-100432.000112b 58-100
675.000312c 58-100771.000212d 58-100825.000012e 58
-100851.000912f 58-100966.000012g 58-101077.000012
h 58-101191.000412i 58-101244.000012j 58-101428.00
0712k 58-101514.000112l 58-101602.000012m 58-10175
3.000612n 58-102216.000112o 58-102352.000212p
58-102452.000112q 58-102755.000012r 58-102756.0000
12s 58-102757.000012t 58-102793.000012u 58-102905.
000212v 58-102966.001312w 58-103165.000212x 58-104
404.000112y 58-104405.000012z 58-104830.000112aa 5
8-105220.001212ab 58-105233.000012ac 58-105268.000
012ad 58-105517.000012ae 58-105521.000112af
58-117274.000112ax 58-120014.000812ay 58-120016.00
0012az 58-120017.000312ba 58-120020.000412bb 58-12
0028.000012bc 74-571073.000012bd
58-105794.000312ag 58-106092.000112ah 58-106251.00
0012ai 58-106502.000512aj 58-106507.000012ak 58-10
6753.000012al 58-108364.000312am 58-109278.000112a
n 58-111449.000012ao 58-111699.000312ap 58-111865.
000212aq 58-111869.000012ar 58-111870.001512as 58-
114294.000012at 58-115234.000112au 58-117205.00011
2av
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Exempt wells (AF/Yr) Private/domestic
use13 Industrial (AF/Yr) 59-501609.000114a 59-5166
91.000014b 59-531633.000014c 59-538980.000114d 59-
554005.000014e 59-561258.000114f 59-566798.000014g
59-570754.000014h 59-570755.000014i 59-583456.000
014j 59-585032.000014k 59-589824.000014l 59-591433
.000014m 59.593403.000114n
Municipal - large (AF/Yr)15 56-003017.0000  Munici
pal - small (AF/Yr)16 56-003001.0001 56-003002.000
0 56-003003.0000 56-003004.0000 56-003006.0000 56-
003007.0000 56-003009.0000 56-003015.0000 56-00301
6.0000 56-003020.0000 56-003024.0000
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GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWALS
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RECHARGE Incidental
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RECHARGE - Artificial
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BIG CHINOSubbasin
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INFLOW Recharge (AF/Yr)  Natural  Recharge1  Del
Rio base flow5  Incidental  Agricultural (50
all sources)6 Golf Course (20 of
deliveries)7 Industrial (20 of
deliveries)8 Septic (34.8 of household
use)9   Underflow (AF/Yr) From Little Chino
subbasin10 TOTAL INFLOW (AF/Yr)
OUTFLOW Natural discharge (AF/Yr) Verde River
near Paulden11  Vegetation evapotranspiration-Verd
e River near Paulden12 TOTAL OUTFLOW (AF/Yr)
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GROUND-WATER WITHDRAWALS   Agriculture
(AF/Yr) Ground-water pumping13 Subirrigation14 Ex
empt wells (AF/Yr) Private/domestic Use15   Golf
Course (AF/Yr) Talking Rock16   Industrial
(AF/Yr) United Metro17
Water Providers (AF/Yr) Abra Water Company18 Ash
Fork Water Service19 Inscription Canyon
Ranch20 Aubrey Water Company21
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GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWALS
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RECHARGE - Incidental
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VERDE VALLEYSubbasin
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INFLOW Recharge (AF/Yr) Natural Recharge
(Clarkdale to Camp Verde gaging
station)1  Recharge (Paulden to Clarkdale gaging
station)2 Verde River near Paulden gaging
station3  Incidental Agricultural (50 all
sources)4 Golf Course (20 of deliveries)5 Industr
ial (20 of deliveries)6 Septic (34.8 of
household use)7 Artificial Designated locations
(effluent)8 TOTAL INFLOW (AF/Yr)  
OUTFLOW   Natural discharge (AF/Yr) Verde River
near Camp Verde gaging station9 Underflow
(AF/Yr) To Lower Verde River Subbasin10 Vegetation
Evapotranspiration (AF/yr) Oak Creek11  Beaver
Creek11  West Clear Creek11  Verde River upstream
from Camp Verde11 TOTAL OUTFLOW (AF/Yr)  
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Water Providers (AF/yr Arizona Water Co. -
Pinewood17a Arizona Water Co. -
Rimrock17b Arizona Water Co. - Sedona17c Big Park
Water Co.17d Beaver Valley Water Co.17e Bonita
Creek and Land HOA17f Boynton Canyon Enchantment
HOA17g Bradshaw Mountain View Water Co.17h Camp
Verde Water System17i Clemenceau Water
Co.17j Cordes Lakes Water Co.17k Cottonwood
Water Works, Inc.17l Lake Verde Water
Co.17m Little Park Water Co.17n Michaels Ranch
Water Users Association17o Montezuma Estates
Property Owners Assn.17p Oak Creek Public Service
Co.17q Oak Creek Water Co. No. 117r Pine Valley
Water Co.17s Pine Water Co.17t Sedona
Shadows17u Strawberry Water Co.
W-03513A17v Strawberry Water Company
W-01407A17w Verde Lakes Water Corp17x Verde Santa
Fe17y
GROUND-WATER WITHDRAWALS Agriculture
(AF/Yr) Perkinsvile12 Verde Valley (predominately
surface water) Exempt wells (AF/Yr) Private/domest
ic use13 Golf Courses Pine Shadows
(Cottonwood)14a Verde Santa Fe14b Seven Canyon
(Rural Sedona)14c Sedona Golf Resort (Big
Park)14d Canyon Mesa (Big Park)14e Oak Creek
Village (Big Park)14f Industrial (AF/Yr) Phoenix
Cement15a Hansons Aggregate15b B B
Materials15c Superior Co (Camp Verde)15d Municipal
(AF/Yr) Town of Jerome16
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GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWALS
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RECHARGE Incidental
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RECHARGE - Artificial
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RESOURCES FOR INCIDENTAL AND ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE
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Subbasin water balance equation
P IR GWin BFin ROin ET GWout BFout
ROout WU DS
Inflow
Outflow
P Precipitation (rainfall
snowfall) IR Incidental and Artificial
Recharge GWin Ground-water in BFin
Base-flow in ROin Run-off in ET
Evapotranspiration GWout Ground-water
out BFout Base-flow out ROout
Run-off out WU Water use DS
Change in storage
Specified area is a basin
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Average Annual Water Budgets for Subbasins Values
in acre-ft, NC not calculated, values in yellow
block are residuals
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Regional aquifer water balance equation
R IR GWin BFin ET GWout BFout WU
DS
Outflow
Inflow
R Recharge IR Incidental and
Artificial Recharge GWin Ground-water
in BFin Base-flow in ET
Evapotranspiration GWout Ground-water
out BFout Base-flow out WU Water
use DS Change in storage
Specified area is an aquifer Time Period is an
Average Annual 1990-2003
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Hydrogeology Assessment of the Coconino Plateau
and Adjacent Areas, Coconino and Yavapai
Counties, Arizona
C aquifer occurrence and movement
By Donald J Bills, Marilyn E. Flynn, and Stephen
A Monroe
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Redwall-Muav aquifer occurrence and movement
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Regional aquifer water balance equation
R IR GWin BFin ET GWout BFout WU
DS
Outflow
Inflow
R Recharge IR Incidental and
Artificial Recharge GWin Ground-water
in BFin Base-flow in ET
Evapotranspiration GWout Ground-water
out BFout Base-flow out WU Water
use DS Change in storage
Specified area is an aquifer Time Period is an
Average Annual 1990-2003
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Average Annual Water Budgets (1990-2003) For
Regional Aquifers Values in acre-ft, NC not
calculated
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Estimated Average Annual Natural Recharge
Method 1 Using values from the subbasin water
balance equation
R P ROin ET ROout
Method 2 Using values from the regional aquifer
water budget
Recharge is a residual of the
water balance equation
R ET GWout BFout WU DS - IR - GWin -
BFin
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Method 1 R P ROin ET ROout
Runoff in
Runoff out
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Estimated Average Annual Recharge
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TRENDS IN THE WATER BUDGETS (1990-2003)

• Little Chino
• Base flow measured at Del Rio Springs gage(
  installed in 1996) declines
• Ground-water withdrawals for AG have ranged from
  approx. 3,400 6,100 AF
• Ground-water withdrawals for industry have
  steadily increased from 8 268 AF
• Municipal ground-water withdrawals have ranged
  between approx. 5,000 8,200 AF, averaging 6,200
  AF
• Small water providers have steadily increased
  from approx. 300 700 AF
• Effluent recharge has ranged between approx.
  1,300 3,300 AF
• Incidental recharge associated with the CVID
  canal ceased in 2000

• Points for consideration
• This is a heavily monitored subbasin with
  required reporting. Numerical models have been
  produced in 1995, 2002 and another update in
  progress
• Through zone budget analysis we have learned that
  there is communication between the LIC and UAF
  subbasins.

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TRENDS IN THE WATER BUDGETS (1990-2003)

• Big Chino
• Base flow at the Paulden gage ranges from15,600
  to 20,000 AF/year.
• Estimated ground-water withdrawals for AG showed
  an approx. 2,000 AF decline between 1993 and
  1997, since 1998 est. withdrawals have increased
  by 1,000 AF
• Estimate ground-water withdrawals for exempt
  wells have increased yearly
• Estimated ground-water withdrawals for industry
  have remained constant
• Estimated ground-water withdrawals for golf
  course irrigation has increased
• Ground-water withdrawal by water providers has
  steadily increased based on Arizona Corporation
  Commission reports

• Points for consideration
• Few reporting requirements in this basin so,
  uncertainty could be reduced with metering
• Domestic/municipal Water uses in the subbasin is
  projected to increase
• Numerical model will assist in estimating
  changes in storage and ground-water inflow and
  outflow

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TRENDS IN THE WATER BUDGETS (1990-2003)

• Verde Valley
• Estimated ground-water withdrawals by water
  providers have steadily increased from approx.
  5,100 AF to 11,000 AF based on data from the
  Arizona Corp. Comm.
• Base flow associated with the Paulden to
  Clarkdale gages averaged approx. 40,000 AF
• Base flow associated with the Clarkdale to Camp
  Verde gages averaged approx. 91,000 AF
• Base flow at the Camp Verde gage ranged from
  approx. 127,000 165,000 AF, averaging approx.
  144,000 AF

• Points for consideration
• Few reporting requirements in this basin so,
  uncertainty could be reduced with metering
• The water balances differ in this subbasin owing
  to the large number of surface water withdrawals
• Numerical model will assist in estimating
  changes in storage and ground-water inflow and
  outflow

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QUESTIONS?